Psych Final Chapter 13

Abnormal Psychology

atypical, causes distress (can affect only individual or just those around them), and causes the person to have trouble functioning

Causes of Abnormal

supernatural tradition (ex. possession), biological tradition (things we have inherited/ genetics), psychodynamic (Freud/ drives not fulfilled create problems, driven by sex and aggression), behavioral (behavior/ environmental determinism, product of your environment, learned ex. classical conditioning, operant conditioning, modeling), humanistic (if the person could receive empathy and understand of who they are, they would feel less of the disorder), cognitive (thinking), sociocultural (people suffer and experience what they do because of the people they are surrounded by, correlation)

What is used to diagnose mental health disorders?

Benefits to diagnosing and the stigma attached

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

anxiety disorder is a future oriented mood state, cause varies, diagnosis most have to suffer for 6 months before, good prognosis to recover

Panic disorder

anxiety disorder

Agoraphobia

anxiety disorder, 6 months before diagnosis, fear of being able to escape or being afraid to violate personal safety

Specific Phobias

anxiety disorder, 6 months before diagnosis, phobia of something specific like flying or snakes, must impede the person’s ability to function, includes social anxiety disorder or phobia (fear of embarrassment), best treatment is exposure

PTSD

anxiety disorder, seen or heard of a traumatic situation

OCD and related disorders

anxiety disorder: obsessions(thoughts) and compulsions (behavior done to eliminate the anxiety around the thought), spending time to fix things and if not, it causes significant distress

Mood disorders

moods are supposed to be balance, problems with their way of being, not always for a reason, can be unipolar (person has only one mood disorder, can also have just unipolar mania (on top of the world, hyper religious, goal oriented, hard time sleeping, impulsive behavior) or just unipolar depression (suicide)) or bipolar (mania (1 week before diagnosis) and depression)

Major Depression

mood disorder, very low mood with emptiness, sadness, numbness, anhedonia is a lack of joy in something you once enjoyed, must have physical symptoms and cognitive symptoms (change in appetite, motivation, cognitive problems, difficulty concentrating), must experience symptoms for 2 weeks, SSRIs are prescribed as treatment

Bipolar disorder

mood disorder,

Somatic symptom disorders

Somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder, factitious disorders including Munchausen syndrome by proxy and Malingering

Somatic Symptom disorder

a type of somatic symptom disorder, presenting with something physical but is actually something mental, communicated problems with physical health concerns when in actuality, there is no physical problem but actually mental, over fixating on symptoms until it becomes their identity

Illness Anxiety Disorder

a type of somatic symptom disorder, hypochondria, over fixating on something, could doctor shop, carry medical files with them

Conversion Disorder

a type of somatic symptom disorder, conversion changes form, when someone experiences an extreme amount of stress of anxiety the mental health struggles get converted into a physical form, people who are overly stressed and can’t see or walk

Munchausen syndrome by proxy

a type of somatic symptom disorder, factitious disorders, Fac=faking, someone else is faking symptoms for another person for the secondary gain of attention, rewards are secondary (attention, love, exc)

Malingering

a type of somatic symptom disorder, factitious disorder, fac=faking, fake symptoms, not a diagnosis but it is real, hard/impossible to prove fake as a doctor, reward is primary and something physical (money, housing, exc); Ex. someone faking symptoms and disabilities to get certain services

Dissociative Identity Disorder

not a personality disorder, blackout moments, post id, alters, trauma causes disassociation and creation of a new identity, diagnosed later in life, because of trauma within childhood, Eric Erickson said identify is one of the most important milestones, different senses of self-take over and allow the self to cope

personality disorders

poor interpersonal relationships is a sign, grouped into clusters based on similarity and resemblance

Personality disorders Cluster A: odd or ecccentric cluster

Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal disorder

Paranoid personality disorder

don’t trust people, feel like people are plotting against them, ideas of reference where they feel everyone are out to get them

Schizoid personality disorder

person prefers being alone, usually because of something that happened in their life, not an introvert,

Schizotypal personality disorder

also have ideas of references, their ideas are more fantasy based than the other two

Personality Disorders Cluster B: dramatic, emotional, erratic cluster,borderline personality disorder

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic disorder

Antisocial personality disorder

growing up with a lack of empathy for other people, conduct disorder as a child, doesn’t mean they don’t like people, likely incarcerated, doesn’t have remorse for their actions

Borderline personality disorder

fear of abandonment, possible self-mutilation, highly emotional reactivity,

Histrionic personality disorder

needs to be the center of attention, different from narcissism

Narcissistic personality disorder

doing kind actions and gestures that seem for the god of other but is actually for the betterment of themselves, lack empathy for other people, don’t like being embarrassed, aren’t necessarily aware of the disorder but is causing problems in life

Personality Disorder Cluster C: fearful or anxious cluster

avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive disorder

Avoidant personality disorder

person has learned at some point that they are not going to succeed and instead of trying they just avoid the situations for fear of failure

Dependent personality disorder

worried about what other people think, scared to upset other people, have to rely on other people before making a decision cannot make it alone, anxious over what others thing

OCD

obsessions (thoughts) and compulsions (things that you do to get rid of the anxiety from the thought), it needs to be just so or they cannot function

OCPD

personality disorder, when they need things to be just right and it interferes with their social interaction, causes them stress, and is atypical

Schizophrenia

out of touch with reality, hallucinations and delusions, inappropriate affect, the content and the expressions didn’t match, chronic, onset is early adulthood and usually because of high stress, people can function with it but it takes a lot of management, sometimes linked with homelessness, most people benefit from medication and not talk therapy, not harmful

Hallucinations

deal with the senses, sensory experiences (taste, touch, smell, see, hear) with the absence of sensory input (there is nothing truly there)

Delusions

false reality, someone believing something is poisoned or the group member believing that they are marrying the group member that didn’t like them