Sociology 202 Second Half

What did Marx char Humans as

Homo Faber, Man the Worker

What does Capitalism Cause

Alienation, becoming more and more separated from one another

The Worker

Alienated → Automatons, degree related to freedom of thinking

Social Classes

Wage Laborers, Capitalists, Landowners, Finance Aristocracy

Taylorism

Named after Frederick Winslow Taylor, based off “principles of scientific management”. Max efficiency from machine and worker

Fordism

Stage of Eco dev, system of mass production in 20th century. Conveyor belts and compartmentalization. Associated with political/social order in advanced capitalism

Tomas Bata

Came up with a shoe business that offered amenities for workers, assembly line to shoes

Company Town

Grew an areas of high eco dev where people would live in company housing to quickly go to and from work. Becoming linked to a job in all ways.

Normative Org v. Coercive v. Utilitarian

Voluntary for common interest, Forced to, Voluntary for material reward

Bureaucracy

Org model char by hierarchy of auth, div of labor, explicit rules and procedures, impersonality

Iron Cage

By Weber, Westerner’s trapped in the system

Ideal Bureaucracy

By Weber, Div of Labor, Hierarchy of Auth, Rules and Regs, Qualification based employment, Personality. Rational society built around logic and efficiency

Globalization Theory

Transnational flows of people, capital, goods, information, and culture. Factors: Economic, Poli/Inst, Cultural

Globalization Leads to What

Homogeneity - common codes and practices, Heterogeneity - Cultures blend and create hybrids

McDonalidization

By Ritzer, main force of globalization material, principles of a Fast-Food restaurant dominating more industries and the world

Glocalization

Product distributed globaly but adjusted to accommodate a local market

Chars of McDonaldization

Efficiency, Predictability, Quant over Qual, Automation, Irrationality of Rationality

Probs of Bureacracy

Inefficiency and Rigidity, Goal Displacement, Resistance to Change

When, Why, Who Communist Manifesto

1847, Purpose to inform the proletariat that they are being used, by Marx and Engels

Panopticon

By Bentham, structure to watch prisoners. Foucalt expanded this to society, no locks or chains needed to dominate

Discipline and Punish

1975, by Foucalt. Power Visible and Unverifiable

Gestapo

Nazi Secret Police, led by Himmler

Stasi

Ministry for State Security, Spying on population after WW2. Meant to spy on East Germany, informants and citizens. Left signs of presence to scare, know everything. 1 Officer for every 180

Secret Police in Czechoslovakia

StB (State Security), 1945 - 1990. Peak of 75k informers. Hotel Jalta a surveillance station for StB agents. Cameras in Strollers, Bags, Shoe Brushes.

Surveillance Today

Using biometrics and AI to track movements

Family

Group of people responsible for meeting each others needs

Functions of the Family

Reg Sexual Behavior, Pattern Repro, Org Prod and Consumption, Socializing Child, Provide care and protection, Prov Social Ident

Monogamous vs Polygamous

One to One v. One to Many

Polyhyny vs Polyandry

1 man v. 1 Women

Matriarchal vs Patriarchal

Family Control Mom v. Father. Or Bilateral auth structure

Endogamy v. Exogamy

Marry within social groups vs Outside

Homogamy

Marry someone similar to themselves

Opps and Challenges in Higher Ed

Growing Comm College pop and decreasing funding, High Cost of College, Racial diversity in college

Education

Transmit culture and history, etc.
Functionalists: compulsory ed contrib to social and eco dev
Conflict: Create and Justify Ineq
Symbolic Interaction:Exam explicit and implicit vals of curriculum

Hidden Curriculum

Implicit messages learned in schools

Social Reproduction

Perpetuation of unequal rels such that almost everyone view the ineq as normal

Pierre Bourdieu

Identify ineq of educational system by viewing those most likely to drop out

Sex v. Gender

Biological vs Social Distincition

Gender Ideals

Standards by which we judge the self and others

Masculinity and Femininity

Phys, Behavioral, and Mental, or emotional traits believed to be char of a gender

Gender in Ads

Stereotyping, Objectification, Gendered Marketing, Underrep, Child Influence, Inclsuvity, Backlash, Eco Impact

Hetero-Homo Rating Scale - Kinsey Scale

People did not fit into exclusive categories

Queer Theory

Possible to separate gender form sexuality altogether, Judith Butler and Focault

Homo and Lesbian

Homosexuality coined in 1869 by Kertbeny, idents didn’t exist before 19th cent according to Foucalt, before only practices not ident. Lesbian first used in 17th century

Coping Strats to Traverse Societal Gender Expectations

Invisibility, Sucking it Up, Living a Double Life, Gender and Sexual Non conform, SOcial Change, Transitioning, Branching beyond the Binary

Culture

Socially constructed, created through human interaction, production of social order

Material Culture

Physical and Tangible creations

Nonmaterial Culture

Values, Beliefs, Norms, Symbols Langauge

Ethnocentrism

Judging other cultures by one’s own

Cultural Relativism

Analyze a culture by it’s own standards

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Linguistic relativity suggests that the language one speaks can shape their perspective

Sociological Anal of Culture

Func: Glue holding society → Conflict: Create and Uphold the privileged → Symbol: Culture changes as a person lives → Postmodernist: discuss cultures rather than culture

Cultural Lag

Gap between tech devs and a societies moral and legal institutions

Visual Sociology

Concerned with the visual dimension of social life

Cultural Transmission

How people learn and pass on info

Pop Culture

Prods ubiquitous to society at a point in time

Street art v. Graffiti

Form of visual public art usually unsanctioned. Dependent on intent, permission, form, audience, and artist identity.

David Cerny

Czech Street Artist

Tomas Pospiszyl

Criticizes art historians for not taking an interest in the official art of socialist Czechoslovakia. Artists became cultural workers during Stalin regime, engineers of the human soul. Art often meant to be abstract as to express multiple things.

Social Change

Transformation over time of the institutions and culture of a society

Factors influencing social change

Physical Environment, Poli Org, Eco Factors, Culture

Postindustrial Society

Moving beyond old forms of industrial dev

Postmodernity

Our beliefs in progress, in the benefits of science, and in our ability to control the modern world are diminishing

Social Movements

A situation in which enough people org to make a change or undo a change in some area of society

Vaclav Havel

Wrote to promote dissension against Czechoslovakia and the communist control

Power of the Powerless

Essay written by Vaclav, how individuals contribute to the maintenance of oppressive systems