Gastrointestinal and Elimination Disorders Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering gastrointestinal disorders (GERD, PUD, Pyloric Stenosis) and elimination issues (BPH, Encopresis, Enuresis, Calculi).

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A condition characterized by the backflow of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus, often involving an incompetent Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES).

Barrett’s Esophagus

A complication of GERD where the esophageal mucosa are altered (mucosal changes), which can lead to carcinoma.

Upper Endoscopy (EGD)

A diagnostic test used for GERD to detect cancer, scarring, or esophageal damage.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

A break in the mucous lining of the gastric mucosa that occurs in an acidic environment, commonly caused by H. pylori infection.

Triple therapy

A pharmacologic combination to eradicate H. pylori consisting of Clarithromycin + amoxicillin + PPI.

Quad therapy

A pharmacologic combination to eradicate H. pylori consisting of Bismuth subsalicylate + tetracycline + metronidazole + PPI.

Sucralfate (Carafate)

A mucosal protector that coats the stomach to prevent irritation of an ulcer; it must be taken on an empty stomach.

Pyloric stenosis

Narrowing of the pyloric canal between the stomach and duodenum, characterized by projectile vomiting and an olive-shaped lump in the umbilicus region.

Cleft lip and palate

A congenital abnormality involving the incorrect closure or imperfect fusion of the lip and palate during the second month of pregnancy.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

A noncancerous enlargement of the prostate that compresses the urethra, causing overt urinary obstruction in aging men.

PSA Blood Test

A diagnostic test for BPH that measures Prostate-Specific Antigen levels, which may be elevated in the presence of prostate issues.

5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors

A class of medications, such as Finasteride and dutasteride, used to reduce the size of the prostate in BPH patients.

Encopresis

Voluntary or involuntary stool retention leading to constipation, dilation of the lower bowel, and leakage of soft stool moving around hard stool.

Enuresis

Bedwetting during sleep, which is fairly common and typically diagnosed in children aged $7$ or older.

Hypospadias

A congenital condition where the urethral opening is located on the ventral surface (bottom) of the penis.

Urolithiasis

The formation of stones elsewhere in the urinary tract besides the kidney.

Lithotripsy (ESWL)

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, a procedure that uses shockwaves to break up urinary calculi.

Volvulus

A mechanical intestinal obstruction caused by the twisting of the intestines.

Obstipation

A severe form of constipation or fecal impaction that can lead to large bowel obstruction.

Nissen Fundoplication

A surgical procedure used for patients with GERD or Hiatal Hernia who are unresponsive to pharmacologic and lifestyle changes.