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Insulin Aspart
Insulin
Brand name: Novolog
Type of Insulin: Fast-Acting
Therapeutic effect: Insulin works by helping move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy. It also stops the liver from producing more sugar.
SE:
Lipohypertrophy: Lump of fatty tissue under your skin caused by repeated injections in the same place
Hypoglycemia: Blood sugar less than 70 mg/dL; may happen very quickly
Confusion, unusual behavior or both, such as the inability to complete routine tasks
Loss of coordination
Slurred speech
Blurry vision or tunnel vision
Nightmares, if asleep
Fast heart rate
Sweating
Weakness
Headache
Shakiness
Insulin Lispro
Insulin
Brand name: Humalog
Type of Insulin: Fast-Acting
Therapeutic effect: Insulin works by helping move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy. It also stops the liver from producing more sugar.
SE:
Lipohypertrophy: Lump of fatty tissue under your skin caused by repeated injections in the same place
Hypoglycemia: Blood sugar less than 70 mg/dL; may happen very quickly
Confusion, unusual behavior or both, such as the inability to complete routine tasks
Loss of coordination
Slurred speech
Blurry vision or tunnel vision
Nightmares, if asleep
Fast heart rate
Sweating
Weakness
Headache
Shakiness
Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH)
Insulin
Brand name: Humulin N/Novolin N
Type of Insulin: Intermediate-Acting
Therapeutic effect: Insulin works by helping move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy. It also stops the liver from producing more sugar.
SE:
Lipohypertrophy: Lump of fatty tissue under your skin caused by repeated injections in the same place
Hypoglycemia: Blood sugar less than 70 mg/dL; may happen very quickly
Confusion, unusual behavior or both, such as the inability to complete routine tasks
Loss of coordination
Slurred speech
Blurry vision or tunnel vision
Nightmares, if asleep
Fast heart rate
Sweating
Weakness
Headache
Shakiness
Insulin Glargine (U-100)
Insulin
Brand name: Lantus
Type of Insulin: Long-Acting
Therapeutic effect: Insulin works by helping move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy. It also stops the liver from producing more sugar.
SE:
Lipohypertrophy: Lump of fatty tissue under your skin caused by repeated injections in the same place
Hypoglycemia: Blood sugar less than 70 mg/dL; may happen very quickly
Confusion, unusual behavior or both, such as the inability to complete routine tasks
Loss of coordination
Slurred speech
Blurry vision or tunnel vision
Nightmares, if asleep
Fast heart rate
Sweating
Weakness
Headache
Shakiness
Insulin Detemir
Insulin
Brand name: Levemir
Type of Insulin: Long-Acting
Therapeutic effect: Insulin works by helping move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy. It also stops the liver from producing more sugar.
SE:
Lipohypertrophy: Lump of fatty tissue under your skin caused by repeated injections in the same place
Hypoglycemia: Blood sugar less than 70 mg/dL; may happen very quickly
Confusion, unusual behavior or both, such as the inability to complete routine tasks
Loss of coordination
Slurred speech
Blurry vision or tunnel vision
Nightmares, if asleep
Fast heart rate
Sweating
Weakness
Headache
Shakiness
Insulin Degludec
Insulin
Brand name: Tresiba
Type of Insulin: Long-Acting
Therapeutic effect: Insulin works by helping move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy. It also stops the liver from producing more sugar.
SE:
Lipohypertrophy: Lump of fatty tissue under your skin caused by repeated injections in the same place
Hypoglycemia: Blood sugar less than 70 mg/dL; may happen very quickly
Confusion, unusual behavior or both, such as the inability to complete routine tasks
Loss of coordination
Slurred speech
Blurry vision or tunnel vision
Nightmares, if asleep
Fast heart rate
Sweating
Weakness
Headache
Shakiness
Liraglutide
Non-insulin Injectable Antidiabetic Agent GLP-1 Agonist (Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Agonist)
Brand name: Victoza
Therapeutic effect: Mimic the action of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1. When blood sugar levels start to ride after someone eats, these drugs stimulate the body to produce more insulin, therefore, decreasing blood sugar levels.
Slows food absorption/gastric emptying
Decreases the amount of glucose produced by liver
Increases the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas
Used in type 2 diabetes
SE: N/V, diarrhea, dizziness, HA, **weight loss due to drug giving a sensation of fullness
***Weight Loss Drug: Wegovy (semaglutide) and Sepbound (tirzepatide)
Taken daily
Dulaglutide
Non-insulin Injectable Antidiabetic Agent GLP-1 Agonist (Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Agonist)
Brand name: Trulicity
Therapeutic effect: Mimic the action of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1. When blood sugar levels start to ride after someone eats, these drugs stimulate the body to produce more insulin, therefore, decreasing blood sugar levels.
Slows food absorption/gastric emptying
Decreases the amount of glucose produced by liver
Increases the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas
Used in type 2 diabetes
SE: N/V, diarrhea, dizziness, HA, **weight loss due to drug giving a sensation of fullness
***Weight Loss Drug: Wegovy (semaglutide) and Sepbound (tirzepatide)
Taken weekly
Semaglutide
Non-insulin Injectable Antidiabetic Agent GLP-1 Agonist (Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Agonist)
Brand name: Ozempic
Therapeutic effect: Mimic the action of a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1. When blood sugar levels start to ride after someone eats, these drugs stimulate the body to produce more insulin, therefore, decreasing blood sugar levels.
Slows food absorption/gastric emptying
Decreases the amount of glucose produced by liver
Increases the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas
Used in type 2 diabetes
SE: N/V, diarrhea, dizziness, HA, **weight loss due to drug giving a sensation of fullness
***Weight Loss Drug: Wegovy (semaglutide) and Zepbound (tirzepatide)
Taken weekly
Glyburide
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent; Sulfonylurea (gl____ide
Brand name: Diabeta
Therapeutic effect: Promotes release of insulin from the pancreas, which directly lowers blood glucose levels
SE: Risk of hypoglycemia, nausea
Type II diabetes only
Take with food
Low risk of cross sensitivity to sulfa allergy
Glipzide
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent; Sulfonylurea (gl____ide
Brand name: Glucotrol
Therapeutic effect: Promotes release of insulin from the pancreas, which directly lowers blood glucose levels
SE: Risk of hypoglycemia, nausea
Type II diabetes only
Take with food
Low risk of cross sensitivity to sulfa allergy
Glimepiride
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent; Sulfonylurea (gl____ide
Brand name: Amaryl
Therapeutic effect: Promotes release of insulin from the pancreas, which directly lowers blood glucose levels
SE: Risk of hypoglycemia, nausea
Type II diabetes only
Take with food
Low risk of cross sensitivity to sulfa allergy
Metformin
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent; Biguanide
Brand name: Glucophage
Therapeutic effect: Works by preventing the production of glucose in the liver, improving the body’s sensitivity towards insulin, and reducing the amount of sugar absorbed by the intestines
BW: Lactic acidosis (build up of lactic acid in the bloodstream, can lead to cardiac output suppression which leads to organ failure or death)
SE: Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, upset stomach, nausea; decrease SE by taking with food and titrate dose
CI: Kidney and liver dysfunction
DI: Alcohol (increases chance of lactic acidosis)
Most frequently prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes (initial therapy)
B12 deficiency, may need to take a B12 supplement
Pioglitazone
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent; Thiazolidinediones (-glitazone)
Brand name: Actos
Therapeutic effect: Lowers blood glucose by increasing the sensitivity of cells to insulin without increasing insulin secretion
SE: Fluid retention, weight gain
Not recommended in patients with heart failue
Do not drink alcohol
Sitagliptin
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent; Dipetidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitor)
Brand name: Januvia
Therapeutic effect: Signals the liver to stop glucagon release and signals the pancreas to increase insulin production
SE: HA
Saxagliptin
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent; Dipetidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitor)
Brand name: Onglyza
Therapeutic effect: Signals the liver to stop glucagon release and signals the pancreas to increase insulin production
SE: HA
Canaglifozin
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent; Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter-2 (SGLT-2 inhibitor)
Brand name: Invokana
Therapeutic effect: Works with your kidneys to stop some excess sugar from being absorbed back into your body, and to help you lose approximately 100 grams of sugar a day through the process of urination
SE: Increases risk of UTIs and yeast infections
CI: Kidney impairment
Dapaglifozin
Oral Hypoglycemic Agent; Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter-2 (SGLT-2 inhibitor)
Brand name: Farxiga
SE: Increases risk of UTIs and yeast infections
CI: Kidney impairment
Levothyroxine
Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Brand name(s): Levoxyl, Synthroid (synthetic)
BW: Do not use for weight reduction
SE: Very few if dose correctly; HA, irritability, weight loss, nervousness, watch for signs of hyperthyroidism
DI: Avoid iron, calcium, and antacids within 2 hours of taking
Take on an empty stomach 30-60 minutes before other food and medications at the same time everyday in the morning
Thyroid
Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Brand name(s): Armour Thyroid (dessicated pig thyroid)
BW: Do not use for weight reduction
SE: Very few if dose correctly; HA, irritability, weight loss, nervousness, watch for signs of hyperthyroidism
DI: Avoid iron, calcium, and antacids within 2 hours of taking
Take on an empty stomach 30-60 minutes before other food and medications at the same time everyday in the morning
Methimazole
Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
Brand name: Tapazole
SE: N/V, metallic taste in the mouth
If on methimazole and you develop sore throat or fever let MD know, may cause agranulocytosis
Do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding
Methimazole tends to have fewer side effects than PTU
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Treatment of Hyperthyroidism
Brand name: Propycil
SE: N/V, metallic taste in the mouth
Do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding
Estrogen
Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms
Brand name: Premarin
BW: Increased risks of endometrial cancer, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease
SE: Edema, HA, mood changes, breast tenderness
Progesterone
Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms
Brand name: Prometrium
BW: Increased risks of breast cancer and CV disorders
SE: Edema, HA, mood changes, breast tenderness
Ethinyl Estradiol and Drospirenone
Hormonal Contraceptive (BCP)
Brand name: YAZ
Therapeutic effect: Manipulates hormones to prevent ovulation and changes the texture of cervical mucus
Compromised of ethinyl estradiol (synthetic estrogen), synthetic progestin or both
Progestins: Norethindrone, desogestrel, drospirenone, levonorgestrel
SE: Weight gain, N/V, increased appetite, fatigue
CI: Patients with clotting disorders because oral contraceptives increase formation of blood clots
DI: Decreased effectiveness when taking antibiotics, anticonvulsants, antifungals, and benzodiazepines
Take at the same time every day
Testosterone
Brand name: Androgel
Therapeutic effect: Treats decreased testosterone levels
SE: Increase hair growth, acne, nausea, increased blood pressure
CI: Patients who have had breast or prostate cancer and patients with blood clots
Apply once daily
Wash hands after application
Available as crean, patch, and injection
Schedule III - Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990
