MLAB 173 Midterm practice

3 functions of skin?

protection (UV + Pathogens), sensation, temperature regulation

2 any lab tests for a skin disorder?

Biopsy - melanoma, blood test - allergies

what muscle cells have centrally located nuclei?

cardiac, smooth

what muscle cell has peripherally (branching away from the centre) located nuclei?

skeletal

what muscle cells have striated appearance?

skeletal, cardiac

what vitamin is for calcium absorption?

D

during growth, what is it called when connective tissue transforms into cartilage or bone?

ossification

what bone is located inside the bone and contains cavities for bone marrow?

cancellous

What bone surrounds spongy bone and provides support?

compact

functions of skeletal system in terms of storage and production?

calcium, blood cells

bone cell that destroy bone?

osteoclast

bone cell that builds new bone?

osteoblast

what connects bone to muscle?

tendon

where are intercalated discs found?

cardiac muscle

energy source needed for muscle contraction?

ATP

3 main parts of a neuron?

cell body (soma), dendrites, axon

what cells provide protection and support for PNS and CNS?

neuroglia

neuroglia of PNS?

schwann and satellite cells

neuroglia of CNS?

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells

autonomic nervous system control voluntary or involuntary functions?

involuntary

somatic nervous system controls voluntary or involuntary functions?

voluntary

glucose is stored in?

liver and muscles

how is liver responsible for hematological regulation?

produces blood clotting proteins, processing and storing iron

what WBC is the big one (multi nuclei)? what is its cell type? functions?

neutrophil, granulocyte, phagocytosis

what WBC is the big one? what is its cell type? functions?

lymphocyte (T or B), agranulocyte, T cell attacks directly, B cell produces antibodies

what WBC is the big one? what is its cell type? functions?

monocyte (Macrophage when active), agranulocyte, phagocytosis

what WBC is the big one? what is its cell type? functions?

eosinophil, granulocyte, ingest + detoxify foreign protein

what WBC is the big one? what is its cell type? functions?

basophil, granulocyte, release histamine and heparin

granulocyte vs agranulocyte?

granulocytes have visible granules, agranules dont

3 steps for hemostasis?

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

process of breaking down a blood clot?

Fibrinolysis

substance that keeps alveoli from collapsing?

surfactant

carbondioxide is carried by?

bicarbonate ions

another name for natural immunity?

innate immunity

another name for adaptive immunity

acquired immunity

specificity (how does it recognize pathogens) of innate immunity?

non-specific

specificity of adaptive immunity?

specific

speed of innate immunity reaction?

rapid - immediate to several hours

speed of adaptive immunity reaction?

slower - several days

chemicals involved in innate immunity?

Complement proteins, interferons, cytokines

memory is the ability of what type of immunity?

adaptive

chemicals involved in adaptive immunity?

Antibodies, other signalling chemicals including cytokines

cells of innate immunity?

phagocytic

cells of adaptive immunity?

lymphocytes (B + T cells)

5 portions of the nephron in order?

glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tube, collecting duct

glomerulus is found in the renal____?

cortex

type of epithelium found in the bladder?

transitional epithelium

3 waste products eliminated in urine?

water, urea, creatinine

2 treatments for chronic kidney disease?

dialysis, kidney transplant

B and T cells are produced in the _____, but T cells mature in the _____

bone marrow, thymus gland

what do lymphatic vessels have to control their flow?

valves

structure in the head of a sperm that contains an enzyme which helps the sperm penetrate the ovum is called the______?

acrosome

progesterone is produced in the ovaries by the________?

corpus luteum

where does the zygote attach to?

endometrium

what glands is the front “ball”?

anterior pituitary gland

what gland is the back “ball”?

posterior pituitary gland

what glands reside on top of the kidneys?

adrenal glands

what happens during the ovarian cycle?

ovulation

2 reproductive hormones found in both men and women?

FSH, LH

what happens during the uterine cycle?

menstruation

Expanded name of TSH + function + gland?

thyroid stimulating hormone, stimulates thyroid to produce T3 and T4, anterior pituitary

Expanded name of ACTH + function + gland?

adrenocorticotropic hormone, controls production of cortisol, anterior pituitary

Expanded name of GH + function + gland?

growth hormone, stimulates growth of tissues, anterior pituitary

Expanded name of ADH + function + location?

antidiuretic hormone, re-absorption of water, posterior pituitary

hCG full name + function + gland?

humanchorionic gonadotropin, builds up uterine lining and placenta, placenta

hormone produced in the pancreas? its role?

insulin, regulates blood sugar levels

full name of T3? its role?

triiodothyronine, regulates basal metabolism

full name of T4 and its role?

thyroxine, regulates basal metabolism

what is estrogen?

female sex hormone

what is progesterone and its role?

female sex hormone, prepares body for pregnancy and maintains pregnancy

what is testosterone?

male sex hormone

roles of cortisol?

stress response, BP

Full name of PTH? its role? Gland?

parathyroid hormone, regulates calcium levels, parathyroid

The type of epithelium that lines capillaries is_____?

simple squamous

The normal range for pH in the human body is____?

7.35-7.45

how to recognize monocytes?

single nucleus

how to recognize neutrophils?

3 nuclei

how to recognize lymphocytes?

giant nuclei