Week 1 Terms and Concepts

Speech Science

The study of how speech is produced, transmitted, and perceived

Hearing Science

The study of how sound is received and processed by the auditory system

Communication Sciences and Disorders

The field that studies communication, speech, language, hearing, and related disorders

Physics

The science dealing with matter, energy, and phenomena of a particular system

Acoustics

A branch of physics

• production, control, transmission, and affect of sound

Bioacoustics

study of speech production and perception

Mass

The fundamental property of an object

• amount of matter in an object

• measured in kilograms or grams

Force

The influence causing an object to change speed, direction, or shape

• measured in newtons of dynes

• 1 N accelerates a mass of 1 Kg at a rate of 1m/sec²

• 1 N = 100,000 dynes

Weight

Force of gravity of an object

• related to mass

• force measured in newtons or dynes

Volume

the quantity of a 3D space occupies by a liquid, solid, or gas

Density

mass per unit volume

• mass/volume

Speed

Distance travelled by an object in a given unit of time

• meters/second

Velocity

speed and specific direction of movement

Acceleration

occurs when there is a change in velocity as a function of time

• directionally proportional to force applied

• inversely proportional to mass

• newtons 2nd law of motion

• force = mass x acceleration

Inertia

resistance of any physical object to a change in its state of motion of rest

• source of resistance → mass of body

• grams/kilograms

• newtons 1st law of motion

Elasticity

property of material that returns it to its original shape after an external force is applied

• stress=external force

• rubber band = high elasticity

• Deformation: change in shape/size of an object bc of applied force

Work

occurs when a force is exerted over a distance

• measured in joules

Energy

ability to do work

• chemical, electrical, sound, etc

• measured in joules

Power

rate that which work is done or energy used in a period of time

• measured in watts (how quickly work can be done)

Intensity

power per unit area

Pressure

force acting perpendicularly on a specific surface area

• measured in pascals

Ambient Pressure

the normal pressure of the surrounding air when no sound wave is present

Compression

a region of a sound wave where air particles are pushed closer together, creating higher pressure

Rarefaction

a region of a sound wave where air particles are spread farther apart, creating lower pressure

Boyle’s Law

the relationship between volume and pressure

• inverse relationship when temperature and density are constant: one goes up the other goes down

• air pressure and density are directly related: when one decreases/increases so does the other

Simple Harmonic Motion

occurs when restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement of an object from mean position but in the opposite direction

• A repetitive back-and-forth motion in which an object moves around a resting position

• movement of object is graphed as a sinusoidal wave

• tuning fork

Frequency

number of cycles of the sound wave per second

• 1 cycle of vibration for sound: compression, rarefaction, return to baseline

• measured in Hertz Hz

Period

The time it takes for one complete cycle to occur

• measured in seconds

Wavelength

the distance covered by 1 complete cycle

• measured in meters (lamda symbol)

• relationship between time and distance

• higher frequency, shorter period, shorter wavelength