pathology: scrotum, thyroid, vascular

cystic areas and coarse calcifications are common in what type of scrotal tumor?

• testicular teratoma

• embryonal carcinoma

type II endoleak:

leak at the branch vessels → IMA, internal iliac A, lumbar arteries, accessory renal arteries

what is the most common secondary malignancy of the testicles?

lymphoma

what is the most common testicular tumor in patients < 2 yrs of age?

yolk sac tumor

increased thyroid volume is associated with:

chronic renal failure, iodine deficiency, and acute hepatitis

post-traumatic neuroma

• contraindicated for biopsy

• seen in the post-operative neck patients

• deep palpation may produce focal pain, which may radiate along the nerve pathway

Killian-Jamieson diverticulum

• outpouching that protrudes from anterolateral wall of the cervical esophagus

• can be mistaken for a thyroid mass

Zenker diverticulum

• outpouching located at the back of the throat and protrudes posterior or midline

• can be mistaken for a thyroid mass

what area of the neck is most commonly involved in recurrence of cancer?

level III and IV lymph nodes → the internal jugular chain located between the carotid artery and the sternocleidomastoid muscle

a sperm granuloma is a common complication of what procedure?

vasectomy

what is the most common extratesticular neoplasm?

adenomatoid tumor

Ormond disease

• idiopathic overgrowth of fibrous tissue around an atherosclerotic aorta

• most commonly occurs at the level of the aortic bifurcation and extends inferiorly in the pelvis

complications of Ormond disease include:

• IVC compression

• pedal edema

• gonadal vein compression

• ureteral obstruction

DeQuervain disease

a type of hypothyroidism that is painful in the first 4-6 weeks and usually presents with low TSH and high T3 and T4