history midterm by elijah

culture

a system of traditions, customs, and habits a group of people use to make something of their world

equator

an imaginary line that separates the north and south hemispheres

prime meridian

an imaginary line that separates the east and west hemispheres

latitude

imaginary lines that run east and west

longitude

imaginary lines that run north and south

environmentalism

what movement is motivated by the concern for the protection of the natural environment especially from harm

human and physical geography

what are the 2 main branches of geography

topography

detailed land features such as mountains, hills, rivers, and swamps

degrees

what mapmakers use to indicate points on a map

map projection

a method of translating earth’s round shape onto a flat map

distortion

the biggest issue of a flat map

location, place, interaction, movement, and region

the five themes of geography

cataclysm

a violent upheaval or change in the Earth’s crust; believed to be the flood that caused the changes in our earth

lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere

3 parts of earth’s surface

plain

a wide area of level land

plateau

a wide area of relatively flat land that rise abruptly above the surrounding lands

river system

a river and its tributaries

weathering

the breaking down of rocks

erosion

the removal of weathered rocks

crust

earth’s outer most layer

mantle

under the crust

outer core

under the mantle

inner core

under the outer core

evaporation, condensation, precipitation

stages of the hydraulic cycle

primary

most basic industry

mineral

natural solid crystals that have a definite chemical composition

secondary industry

turns raw materials into more useful forms

service industry

tertiary industry

Capital

The money and equipment necessary to build industries or businesses

Indo-European

the most prominent (largest) language family in the world

Nation

a large group of people with a common history and language who have developed a strong sense of identity

Sovereignty

The unlimited authority to run affairs within its own borders

Natural boundaries

Mountain ranges and rivers can form what type of boundary between states/countries

Rate of natural increase

The term that describes the result of subtracting a state's crude death rate from its crude birth rate

Life expectancy

The number of years a person can expect to live

population density

The average number of people who live on each square mile (or kilometer) of land

arable

Land that can be used to grow crops

Self-determination

The principle that states all people have a right to determine the type of government they will have

the duties of government

preserve order and protect its citizens from violence by promoting good and punishing evil. Governments provide justice and defense

Lake Superior

the largest Great Lake

Lake Michigan

the only Great Lake that is located totally within the boundaries of the US

piedmont

Foothills

Eastern continental divide

The term applied to the area where waters flowing down the eastern side of the mountains run into the Atlantic Ocean and those flowing down the wester side run into either the Great Lakes or the Gulf of Mexico

Nor easters

severe storms that sometimes hit the states of the Northeast

Hurricanes

severe storms that sometimes hit the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts

Urban areas/ cities

Where do 80 percent of Americans live

Suburbs

the area between the dense population of a city and the sparse population of rural areas

78

the average life expectancy in the US

Federal republic

the type of government that the US has

Freedom, Equality, Individualism, and Growth

the four core values the US

Appalachian Mountains

Mountains that stretch from eastern Canada into northern Alabama

Central Plains

Rolling hills that stretch about a thousand miles across America's heartland

Coastal Plains

Sandy plains that stretch inland from the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico shores

Great Basin

A lowland area that includes many canyons and unusual rock formations in much of Nevada and Utah; located between the Columbian and Colorado Plateaus

Great Plains

Called the "Great American Desert" by early pioneers; but now an incredibly fertile area due to irrigation

Pacific Mountain Ranges

the mountain range that includes the Sierra Nevada, the Cascades, and the Coastal Ranges

Piedmont

An area of foothills at the eastern base of the Appalachian Mountains

Rocky Mountains

Mountains that presented the greatest obstacle to westward expansion

demographic

the study of characteristics relating to group of people