Medical errors/Confidentiality&Privacy

*is defined as the failure to complete the intended plan . It is a preventable adverse medical offense.

*Unintended act or failure to achieve the intended outcome.

*an act or omission that would have been judged wrong by knowledgeable peers at the time it occurred.

Medical error

What is the statistic of medical error in developed countries?

1 in 10 patients are harmed while receiving hospital care.

Types of medical error:

• Surgery-related

• Medication-related

• Body-fluid related error

• Failure to order correct diagnostic test

• Equipment failure

• delay/misdiagnosis

Medical errors should be disclosed in order to:

1. promote public trust

2. prevent further harm to a patient and to other patients

3. respect personal autonomy

4. support principle of justice

5. improve the safety of medical practice

6. be able to trust the physicians and the system

the right or expectation not to be interfered with, to be free from surveillance, or more generally, a moral right to be left alone.

Privacy

the right of an individual to have personal, identifiable medical information kept out of reach of others concerned with the information collected from/about the patient (i.e., the patient's information).

Confidentiality

What information to have confidentiality ?

1. Past, present, or future physical or mental health/condition.

2. Any info about treatment or diagnosis.

3. Pictures, photographs, videos, audiotapes, or other materials of the patient.

4. Who the Dr. - clinic - is/are.

5. past, present, or future payment for the provision.

All that may come to my knowledge in the
exercise of my profession or in daily
commerce with men, which ought not to be
spread abroad, I will keep secret and will
never reveal.

Hippocrates oath

is the inability to reproduce naturally.

Infertility

This is a medical or surgical procedure to cause termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable to continue living.

Abortion or pregnancy termination

An antenatal procedure to select a fetus with the desired gender.

Gender selection

This involves both medical and surgical management to resolve problems of indeterminate gender.

Gender change

This is the time near the end of the woman's fertile life, when menstruationstops due to hormonal changes.

Menopause

the goals of Islamic morality:

• Religion

• Soul

• Mind

• Wealth

• Progeny/lineage

Sperm and ovum donation are not allowed because

of violation of the principle of preserving lineage or progency