Vocabulary Flashcards from Page 1 Notes (Dramatic Story, Freytag, Irony, Philippine Forms, and Nonfiction)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from Dramatic Story, Freytag’s Pyramid, Irony, Philippine theater forms, and nonfiction genres as presented in Page 1 notes.

Dramatic Story

A story type Filipinos love; features relatable characters and life-like scenarios with emotional or dramatic conflict.

Fiction

A story that is entirely made up; may resemble reality but is not true.

Dead Stars

The first Filipino modern English-language short story, written by Paz Marquez Benítez.

Freytag's Pyramid

A plot structure with Exposition, Inciting Incident, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, and Denouement; not all stories follow it.

Exposition

The beginning of a story where the scene is set, characters are introduced, and background is provided.

Inciting Incident

An event that signals the conflict is about to begin (also called the complication).

Rising Action

The part of the story where the conflict thickens and tension builds.

Climax

The point of greatest tension or turning point in the story.

Falling Action

Events following the climax where conflicts start to resolve.

Denouement

The ending of a story, explaining what happened and how characters feel.

Freytag Pyramid (caveat)

Not every short story follows the pyramid exactly; some lack parts yet remain stories.

The Big Four (conflicts)

Four main types of central conflict in literature: man against man, man against society, man against nature, and man against self.

Man against Man

Conflict between two or more characters.

Man against Society

Conflict between a character and social norms, laws, or institutions.

Man against Nature

Conflict between a character and natural forces (weather, elements, etc.).

Man against Self

Internal struggle within a character (doubt, choice, conscience).

Symbol

An object, person, or event that stands for something beyond its literal meaning.

Character

A person who performs in a narrative; essential to driving the story.

Plot

The sequence of events in a story, showing conflict, crisis, and resolution.

Verbal Irony

Saying something that means the opposite; often includes sarcasm.

Situational Irony

When the outcome is different from what is expected.

Dramatic Irony

When readers know more than the characters about what is happening.

Moro-Moro

A dramatic form depicting the battles and interactions of Moros and Christians.

Zarzuela

A Spanish musical theater form (spoken and sung); adapted in the Philippines.

Sarswela

Philippine melodrama, usually in three acts, with dialogue and song; historically used against colonization.

Rock Sarswela

A type of melodrama in three acts that uses both spoken dialogue and songs.

Balagtasan

A traditional Filipino poetic debate.

Duplo

A poetic debate with song and dance, often using proverbs and riddles.

Epic Poetry

Poetry about romance and adventure, commonly performed at festivals (e.g., Biag ni Lam-ang).

Biag ni Lam-ang

An example of Philippine epic poetry.

Nonfiction

A major literature genre; true writing about real subjects; includes essays, memoirs, etc.

Personal Essay

A nonfiction piece centered on the writer’s voice and personal perspective.

Autobiography

A life story written by the person it’s about, typically in first person.

Memoir

A nonfiction account focusing on facts and experiences from the writer’s life.

Diary

Daily records of events and personal observations.

Interview

A method of obtaining information by speaking with a source.

Descriptive Essay

An essay that uses vivid detail to describe a subject.

Expository Essay

An essay that presents and explains information about a topic.

Persuasive Essay

An essay that aims to convince the reader to adopt a viewpoint.

Creative Nonfiction

True stories told in a vivid, engaging way.