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Cell anatomy
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Prokaryotes
simpler, without membrane-enclosed compartments,
Basic structure of prokaryotic cell
plasma membrane, nucleoid, cytoplasm (cytosol and ribosomes)
Eukaryotes
have organelles, ex: nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
Ribosomes
Sites of protein synthesis. Eukaryotes: free in cytoplasm, attached to ER, or inside mitochondria/chloroplasts. Prokaryotic: free in cytoplasm
Nucleus
Site of DNA replication and transcription, contains nucleolus, surrounded by nuclear envelope, has nuclear pores, site of chromosome synthesis
Endomembrane system components
endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes
Vesicles
membrane-surrounded vesicles that shuttle substances between various components of the EMS and plasma membrane