bio4

Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?

in the thylakoid

The photosystems can be found in:

The thylakoid membrane

The light reactions of photosynthesis serve to:

Split water and release oxygen AND reduce the electron acceptor NADP+ to NADPH and generate ATP from ADP by photophosphorylation.

NADPH is produced in the light reactions of photosynthesis by:

The reduction of NADP+ by NADP+ reductase

The Electron Transport Chain from PSII to PSI in the light reactions:

Provides the energy that moves H+ ions from the stroma to the thylakoid space

From where does the oxygen come that is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

from the breakdown of water

Where do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place?

in the stroma

Fill in the sentence: The enzyme _________ attaches CO2 to the five- carbon molecule ________.

RuBisCo; RuBP

In plants, the ultimate  electron donor in photosynthesis is:

H2O

The passing of a pair of high energy electrons to NADP⁺, resulting in NADPH, is associated with which photosystem(s)?

photosystem I

Antennae work with reaction centers by providing:

energy transfer

What happens to the NADPH molecules that are generated in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

They provide energy to the Calvin cycle.

The terminal electron acceptor of a photosynthetic electron transport chain is:

NADP⁺

Which of these correctly lists the three phases of the Calvin cycle?

carboxylation, reduction, and regeneration

The products of the Calvin cycle are 3-carbon sugars.

True

Carbon enters the Calvin cycle in the form of:

CO₂.

During periods of illumination, the pH in the stroma of the chloroplast should be _____ compared with the thylakoid lumen due to the _____ concentration of protons in the stroma.

higher; lower

Which compound is required for the reduction phase of the Calvin cycle?

NADPH

Why is the regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle essential?

because a 5-carbon molecule RuBP is necessary for the carboxylation phase

Which of the sequences accurately represents the flow of electrons through living organisms?

H₂O → photosynthesis → carbohydrate → cellular respiration → H₂O

Which of the following is NOT a reason for cell division?

Sexual reproduction

Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?

S

What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?

46

Which of the following is true about homologous chromosomes?

They have the same genes in the same order

Which organelles divide by binary fission?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

What are chromosomes made of?

DNA and proteins

Which of the following is true about homologous chromosomes?

They have the same genes in the same order

The division of the cell's cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell is known as:

cytokinesis

A skin cell in G1 of interphase has _____ as much DNA as it is in prophase.

half 

A cell that is not actively dividing is in what phase of the cell cycle?

G0

The two large phases of the cell cycle, which include all others, are:

Interphase and the M Phase

Which of the following accurately describes when sister chromatids are present:

S, G2, Prophase, Metaphase

At the end of mitosis:

There is one cell with 2 nuclei

What would happen to the daughter cells if the G₂ phase of the parent cell is shortened?

The cells would be smaller than normal.

At which stage does cell growth, duplication of organelles, and expression of regulatory proteins for replication occur?​

G1

 How many DNA molecules are present in a replicated chromosome?

Two identical molecules

Which of the following accurately describes when sister chromatids are NOT present:

G1, Anaphase, Telophase

What molecule is necessary to move the chromosomes from metaphase through anaphase?

microtubules

If the function of actin were disrupted, what would be the most likely outcome?

Cells would become multinucleate

Which of the following is NOT a reason for cell division?

Sexual reproduction

Which organelles divide by binary fission?

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

A cell that is not actively dividing is in what phase of the cell cycle?

G0

Which of the following is a purine base?

Guanine

What is this?

DNA pyrimidine nucleotide

The 5’ carbon in DNA is located where?

just off the deoxyribose sugar ring

What allows the DNA to be opened up during replication but then come back together after?

The hydrogen bonds between the complimentary pairs

What bonds hold together the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?

Covalent

Which base pairs with guanine in DNA?

Cytosine

Which of the nucleotides in only present in DNA

Thymine

Which of these nucleotides in only present in RNA

Uracil

An organism's genome is analyzed and found to contain 11% guanine. What percentage of that organism's DNA is adenine?

49%

the DNA polymerase reads the template DNA from the:

3’ to 5’ direction

The DNA polymerase synthesizes the daughter DNA from the

5’ to 3’ direction

Primase

Adds RNA primer to initiate replication

Helicase

Unwinds the template DNA strand

DNA polymerase

Proofreads DNA

Ligase

Seals DNA

Exonuclease

Removes RNA from DNA

A daughter strand of DNA produced during chromosome replication can be composed of leading and lagging strands from different replication fork. (true or false)

true

In semiconservative replication:

Two new DNA helices are created where individual strand in the helix is a equal mixture of both parental DNA and newly synthesized DNA