U.S. Government Policies and Native American Relations

Present-day Oklahoma

Originally designated for Native American relocation.

Indian Residential Schools

Institutions aimed at assimilating Native American children.

Assimilation Policies

U.S. belief in social Darwinism for Native Americans.

End of Armed Conflict

Marked by the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890.

U.S.-Native American Interactions

Resulted in loss of land and cultural erosion.

Nativism

Preference for native-born citizens over immigrants.

Tenement Housing

Overcrowded urban dwellings for low-income families.

Muckrakers

Journalists exposing social injustices and corruption.

Chinese Exclusion Act Effects

Restricted Chinese immigration and denied citizenship.

14th Amendment and Chinese Immigrants

Did not protect them from exclusion laws.

Jacob Riis' Main Idea

Exposed poverty in urban immigrant communities.

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle

Revealed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

Lincoln Steffens' The Shame of the Cities

Critiqued corruption in urban political systems.

Legislative Measures from The Jungle

Led to the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food Act.

Immigration Act of 1924 Quota

2% based on the 1890 census data.

Political Machines and Immigrants

Exchanged services for political support and votes.

Old vs. New Immigrants

Old: Northern Europe; New: Southern/Eastern Europe.

Skill Level of Immigrants

Old immigrants were often skilled; new were not.

Religious Differences in Immigrants

Old immigrants predominantly Protestant; new often Catholic/Jewish.

Census Data Use in 1924

Designed to limit immigration from certain countries.