Part 4: ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

In Mecca, Saudi Arabia, itis the “cubic” shrine in Mecca, the center of Islamic worship and the holiest place in Islam.

Kaaba

Burial place of Muhammad and the Prophet's Mosque in the city to which Muhammad and the early Muslims fled as they escaped the dangers in Mecca.

Medina

It is a green-colored dome built above the tomb of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and early Muslim Caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar.

Green Dome

Mosque of the Prophet

AL-MASJID AL-NABAWI

Inn Jerusalem, built by the Caliph Abd al-Malik and completed in 691 A.D. The building encloses a huge rock located at its center from which the Prophet Muhammad ascended (went up) to heaven at the end of his Night Journey.

Dome of Rock

A pavilion in Topkapi palace complex in Tiled Pavilion in Istanbul, Turkey

Chinli Chiosk

It is one of the largest mosques in the world, famous for the cone-shaped tower, minaret -Malwiya Tower)

Mosque of Al Mutawakkil

The Blue Mosque, Mosque of Sultan Ahmet – with 6 minarets

Mosque of Sultan Ahmed

A collegiate mosque, cruciform in plan

Mosque of Sultan Hassan

Largest mosque in the Istanbul

Ottoman Imperial Mosque

Mosque in Turkey

SÜLEYMANIYE MOSQUE

Mosque in Edrine, Turkey

SELIMIYE

It is the largest mosque in Cairo, Egypt in terms of land area

IBN TULUN MOSQUE

It conquered new territories in the name of Islam.

Caliphs

They began to administer the vast empire and carried on extensive trade.

Sultans

Palaces also included living quarters for the wives of the sultan

Harem

Male servants and guards who lived in the palace near the women were usually ____ (castrated males).

eunuchs

The first dynasty of wealthy Muslim rulers was the ______ whose capital was Damascus, Syria. After about 90 years of rule, they were overthrown by the Abassids who moved their capital to Baghdad, Iraq.

Umayyads

The ____ (great fortress) was built by Saladin in 1176.

Citadel

He was the leader who fought against Richard the Lion-heart of England in a crusade.

Saladin

An Umayyad dynasty was started there by ______ who escaped from the “deadly dinner” in Baghdad in which the other Umayyad leaders were assassinated.

Ab-dal Rahman

The word Alhambra comes from the Arabic "al-Hamra" which means ______

Red Palace

Palace of Nasrid Dynasty

Moorish Islamic

In the Alhambra, the Gardens and Fountains are a symbol for _____ or Heaven.

Paradise

It is usually four rectangles with fruit trees arranged in rows parallel to a watercourse.

The Garden/ Al-janna

Arab merchants and coast people intermarried and formed a new society, and even a new language called _______.

Swahili

In building defense, they were essential for protection

Castles and Forts

Sleeping quarters of soldiers

Barracks

It was used as a "crusaders' castle", but originally built by Arabs. It had been attacked and was greatly damaged by the two Mongol invasions, in 1269 and 1400 (under Tamerlain).

Citadel (Fortress) of Aleppo, Syria

Some of these ______ do not have any defensive structures. The lack of a defensive architectural design suggests that most were built as recreational retreats.

Desert castles

Built by Arabs in the late 11th century, but it was taken over by Christian crusaders and expanded. It was used by the crusaders for 127 years, then recaptured by the Mamluks from Egypt. This castle is one of the largest of its kind and is well preserved.

CRAK DE CHEVALIERS, Jordan

Its long wall has 28 towers. Inside the citadel there are lots of buildings: stables, a public bath, a prison, military barracks, two mosques, a caravanserai and more, all molded out of the same red clay.The highest point is the outlook tower.

Bam, Iran

It was the seat of government of Egypt until the mid-19th century.

THE CITADEL OF CAIRO

Built in 1057 with its delicate gardens enclosed in strong walls.

ALCAZABA in Malaga, Spain (Andalusia)

It varies in size and elegance (wealth, style) according to the wealth of the owner

Homes

In basic design (Islamic House), the typical Muslim house was built on a

standard pattern

The interior of wealthier homes were decorated with _______ and __________ in wood carvings and tiles.

geometric designs and calligraphy

Why were caravanserai built?

travellers needed places of rest and shelter

They were also places in which to socialize and gossip.

Bath houses

It was built in Agra, India, for Mumtaz Mahal, the favorite wife of Shah Jahan.

Taj Mahal

It is a mausoleum (a burial place, or tomb) for the wife of the Shah.

Taj Mahal

It was a popular Persian poet who lived about 1207-1291. His most famous work is "The Rose Garden", or "Gulistan".

Saadi’s tomb

It was finished in 943 - for a Samanid leader

Mausoleum in Bukhara

built in the 14th century. He was sultan from 1304 - 1315.

Mausoleum of Olijeitu in Sultaniya

This is the holy rock, built by the grand lady, Soltan Bakht Agha, daughter of Amir Khosroe-Shah. May God continue to bless her after her death.

Tomb of a woman in Isfahan, Iran