Chapter 1,2,22 Physical Science Test

What is the equation for force?

F=ma

What is the equation for acceleration?

a=f/m

What is the equation for weight

w=mg

What is the equation for height?

h=1/2gt²

what is the equation for velocity

v=gt

what is the equation for acceleration

change in velocity/change in time

What is the equation for average velocity/distance?

distance total/time total

What is Newtons First Law?

Inertia

What is Newtons 2nd Law?

a=f/m

What is Newtons 3rd Law?

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

The amount of ice lost, the proess of losing ice from a glacier

Ablation

The amount of snow added. and the process of adding snow to a glacier

Accumulation

A system in which confined groundwater under pressure can rise above the boundary of an aquifer

Artesian System

The shape of a stream channel; the cross sectional area

Channel Geometry

A steep bank on the outside bend of a rivers channel, an area of erosion

Cut bank

An accumulation of sediment, commonly forming a triangular fan shaped plain, deposited where a steam flows into a standing body of water

Delta

The volume of water that passes a given location in a stream channel in a certain amount of time

Discharge

A general term for all glacial deposits

drift

A wide plain of almost flat land on either side of a stream channel. During floods this region becomes submerged. The plain is built up through sediment deposits from prior floords.

Flood plains

A large mass of ice formed by the compaction and recrystallization of snow, moving downslope under its own weigtht

Glacier

The vertical drop in the elevation of a stream channel divided by the horiziontal distance for the drop (steepness of the SLOPE)

Gradient

Underground water found in the saturdated zone

Groundwater

A measure of the ability of a porous surface to transmit fluid

Hydraulic conductivity

The natrual circulation of all states of water from ocean to atmosphere to land and then back to the ocean

Hydrologic Cycle

Water flowing that is smooth and fairly slow in a straight line with no mixing of sediments

Laminar flow

A sandy, gentle bank on the inside of a river bend channel; an area of deposition

Point bar

The volume of open space in rock or sediment compared to the total volume of solids plus open space (sponge)

Porosity

Water flowing rapidly and erratically in a jumbled manner, stirring everying it touches

Turbulent flow

The upper boundary of the saturated zone, below which every pore soace is completely filled with water

Water Table

What two factors determine terminal velocity?

The cross sectional area (Surface area) and speed

____ changes based on gravity.

Weight

_____ does not change based on gravity

Mass

When moving in a straight line at the same speed acceleration is

zero

When moving in a circle at the same speed the acceleration would be

not zero

A fact is something that is

definitevely true

A scientific statement is something that is

testable

technology and religio operate in two seperate

domains

What is a law?

A consistent pattern or relationship in nature, often expressed mathematically

What is a theory?

A well-supported explanation backed by lots of evidence and repeated testing

What is a hypothesis?

A testable explanation or prediction that can be investigated

Equation for upward acceleration

Force normal = mg+ma

What is the effect of upward acceleration

Object momentarily becomes heavier than it really is

What is the equation for downward acceleration

Force normal = mg - ma

What is the effect of downward acceleration?

Object is momentarily lighter than it really is.

How is the equation for speed different from that of velocity

Speed takes into account distance/time while velocity takes into account displacement/time

What is free fall?

When an object is falling and the only force affecting it is gravity. (10 m/s²)

How is falling different from free falling?

An object that is falling will experience the force of gravity, AND air resistance. Also when you are falling it is possible for you to reach terminal velocity.

At the peak of a jump your speed is ____ as you change direction to fall back down.

zero

What two factors determine terminal velocity?

Surface area (cross sectional area) and speed

If a heavy object and a light object are dropped in the real world. Which object is hitting the ground first.

The heavier object

In a vacuum with no air resistance, if you drop a heavy object and a light object, which object is hitting the ground first?

They will hit at the same time

Which object will reach terminal velocity first? A heavy object or a light object?

The lighter object.

Groundwater movement is determined by

Permability and hydraulic gradient (Slope)

What is a stream?

An area where the hydraulic table is exposed

What is a spring

When water comes up natrually due to pressure.

If the water must be drilled then its considered a

Well

a pointed, icicle-shaped mineral deposit that hangs from the ceiling of a cave

stalactites

a pointed, icicle-shaped mineral deposit that is on the floor of a cave

stalagmite

What three variables affect stream flow?

Stream gradient (slope), stream discharge (amount of water), Channel geometry (Shape of channel)

The biggest rivers on earth can be found

In glaciers

What must occur for ice to be considered a glacier

It must move on its own, under its own weight

Write 1862 in 2 significant figures

1900

Write 1842 in 2 significant figures

1800

How many significant figures: 5

1 sig fig

How many significant figures: 50

1 sig fig

How many significant figures: 500

1 sig fig

How many significant figures: 5.0

2 sig fig

How many significant figures: 5.00

3 sig fig

Name the four quanities of measurement and their units

Mass (kg), Length (Meter), Time (Seconds), Charge (Coulamb)

1 Kg = ___ N

10

Vector quantities have

magnitiutde and direction

What is instantaneous speed ?

The speed at ANY slated instance when you have variations in your speed throughout a journey

What is average speed?

General description of speed that describes the average amount of time needed to cover a distance

True or false: Motion is relative

true

A property of all matter

Inertia

True or false: Forces do not always exist in pairs

False