BIO100: QUIZ 2 [DOC VER]

What are the divisions and function of nervous system?

Peripheral Nervous System: Associated with the tissue outside the CNS

1. Afferent / Sensory: Brings sensory information to the CNS

   1. Somatic: monitor skeletal muscles and joints 

   2. Visceral: monitor smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, internal organs

2. Efferent / Motor :Carries motor commands to muscles and glands

   1. Somatic: skeletal muscles

   2. Autonomic nervous system: control internal organ activities 

      1. Sympathetic 

      2. Parasympathetic

3. Function: Provides sensory information to the CNS and carries motor commands away from CNS – “It sends messages to the brain and sends instructions back to the body.”

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: brain and spinal

1. Function:

   1. Integrating, processing, coordinating sensory input & motor output

   2. origin of intelligence, memory, learning, emotion

How are receptors classified

1. Interoceptors: Monitor internal organ activity

2. Exteroceptors: External environment (touch, temperature, pressure, sight, smell, hearing)

3. Proprioceptors: monitor position and movement of body

What information is carried by the spinocerebellar tract?

1. Balance

2. Motor coordination

1. What is the lateral spinothalamic tract, and what information does it carry?

1. What: Origin is spinal cord and destination is the

2. Consists of: 

   1. lateral spinothalamic tract: pain, thalamus, & temperature sensations

   2. Anterior spinothalamic tract: light / pressure touches thalamus

What are the three meninges,

1. Dura mater: Outer

2. Arachnoid Mater: Middle

3. Pia mater: Inner

1. what is the blood–brain barrier (BBB)?

1. Tight junction which allows lipid soluble material pass from blood to brain and spinal cord (selective permeability)

What structure produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and what structure absorbs CSF?

1. function: prevents contact, provides support for brain, transport nutrients and wastes to and away for CNS

2. Produce: choroid plexus of ventricles

3. Absorbs: arachnoid granulation

1. What is the reticular formation?

1. Arousal

2. Controls sleep–wake cycle

3. Keeps awake and conscious state

1. What does the pineal gland secrete?

1. Location: epithalamus

2. Produces: Melatonin & maintain circadian rhythm

What are the different glial cells, and what are the functions of Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells?  (DRAW IT)

what are effectors?

1. body's muscles and glands that carry out responses to stimuli, triggered by the nervous system

What is myelin,

what is the axon hillock

1. Myelin

   1. What: layer of insulation of the axon

   2. Produced by: schwann cells (PNS), Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

2. Axon hillock: 

   1. connects the axon with the cell body

   2. Function: where nerve impulses begin

What are preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons?

Pre: type of axon that leave CNS and travels to ganglion,  always found in CNS

Post: type of axon that begin in the ganglion and goes to target organ

1. Collection of neuron cell bodies in ANS (A ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies in the ANS where signals from preganglionic neurons are relayed to postganglionic neurons.)

What is the structural classification of neurons based on?

Processes are the axons and dendrites of a cell body, the number and shape determines the structural type of neuron