Athletic Training Final Exam

UEs (Upper Extremities) Only

Scapula - Significant Bony Anatomy (4)

• Scapular Spine

• Acromion

• Coracoid Process

• Glenoid Cavity

Sternum, Clavicle, Scapula, and Humerus Joints (4)

• Sternoclavicular

  • Sternum-Clavicle

• Acromioclavicular

  • Clavicle-Acromion

• Glenohumeral

  • Glenoid Cavity-Humerus

• Scapulothoracic

  • Scapula-Ribs

Short Head Biceps Brachii (Origin)

Coracoid Process

Long Head Biceps Brachii (Origin)

The supraglenoid tubercle (top of glenoid cavity) of the scapula.

Runs through the bicipital groove.

Rotator Cuff Muscles and Functions (4)

• Supraspinatus (ER/ABD)

• Infraspinatus (ER)

• Teres Minor (ER)

• Subscapularis (IR)

Remember the SITS acronym.

Brachial Plexus Nerve Roots

C5-T1

Dermatomes

Locations of feeling respective to nerve roots

Myotomes

Locations of movement respective to nerve roots

Major Blood Supply of Arm

Brachial Artery

If an athlete complains of UE pain, rule out _____ first

Cervical Injury

Clavicle Palpation Technique

Piano Fingers

A Sternoclavicular Sprain is a medical emergency if there is _____ dislocation

Posterior

Acromioclavicular Sprain (Visible S/S)

Visible step-off between the clavicle and the acromion process.

Most common position of anterior GH dislocation

Forced ABD, ER, and EXT

Anterior GH Dislocation (Visible S/S)

Noticeable drop-off between deltoid muscle and acromion process.

SLAP Tear (Acronym)

Superior Labrum Anterior-Posterior

A tear of the top of the labrum, going from front to back.

SLAP Tear (S/S)

• Pain between AC joint and Coracoid Process during overhead movements

• “Dead Arm” symptoms - loss of control

• Possible clicking, catching, popping, locking

Shoulder Impingement - Compressed Tissue (3)

• Supraspinatus Tendon

• Subacromial Bursa

• Long head of Biceps tendon

Humerus Bony Anatomy (Distal End)

Anterior Lateral

• Radial fossa

• Lateral epicondyle

• Lateral condyle (Capitulum)

  • Articulates with Radius

Anterior Medial

• Coronoid Fossa

• Medial epicondyle

• Medial condyle (Trochlea)

  • Articulates with Ulna

Posterior

• Olecranon fossa

  • Articulates with Ulna

Ulna Anatomy (Proximal)

• Olecranon (articulates w/ olecranon fossa)

• Trochlear Notch (articulates w/ trochlea)

  • Coronoid Process

• Radial Notch of Ulna (articulates w/ radius)

Radius Anatomy (Proximal)

• Head of Radius (articulates with Ulna)

• Neck of Radius

Elbow Joints (3)

• Humeroulnar Joint (Trochlea + Trochlear Notch)

• Humeroradial Joint (Capitulum + Head of Radius)

• Proximal radioulnar joint (@ Radial Notch of Ulna)

Ulnar Collateral Ligament (Elbow) Bundles (3)

• Anterior

• Posterior

• Transverse

Radial Collateral Ligament (Elbow) Attachments (2)

• Lateral Epicondyle

• Annular Ligament

*Notably, does not actually attach to the radius

Annular Ligament (Characteristics)

Attaches Radius to Ulna

Elbow Flexor Muscles (3)

• Biceps Brachii (FLEX/SUP @ Radius)

• Brachialis (FLEX @ Ulna)

• Brachioradialis (FLEX/PRON @ Dist. Radius)

Elbow Extensor Muscle (1)

Triceps Brachii (long head, lateral head, and medial head) @ Olecranon process of Ulna

Wrist Flexors (Bony Location)

Anterior / Medial Epicondyle

Wrist Extensors (Bony Location)

Posterior / Lateral Epicondyle

Elbow Nerves (3)

• Median Nerve (Anterior / Median)

• Radial Nerve (Lateral)

• Ulnar Nerve (Medial @ Cubital Tunnel)

“Tommy John” Surgery

Autograft of the Palmaris Longus for the UCL (Elbow) Ligament

“Tennis Elbow” vs “Golfer’s Elbow”

Tennis Elbow: Lateral Epicondylitis/osis (Wrist Extensors)

Golfer’s Elbow: Medial Epicondylitis/osis (Wrist Flexors)

Ulna Bony Anatomy (Distal)

• Head of Ulna

• Styloid Process

Radius Bony Anatomy (Distal)

• Ulnar Notch of Radius

• Styloid Process

Wrist Flexor Muscle

Palmaris Longus

You can palpate the Scaphoid bone on the _____

Anatomical Snuff Box

Thenar vs Hypothenar

Thenar: Thumb side / radial side

Hypothenar: pinky side / ulnar side

Distal Radioulnar Joint

Where the Radius and Ulna articulate with the many, many carpal bones.

Pisiform and Hamate Palpation

The Pisiform is a bony prominence just distal to the Ulna.

You can palpate the hook of hamate by “rolling off” the pisiform distally.

Carpal Joints (2+)

• Radiocarpal Joint

• Carpal Joints

  • Gliding

  • Ligaments help stabilize

Bone Groups in Hand (5)

• Carpals

• Metacarpals

• Proximal Phalanges

• Intermediate Phalanges

• Distal Phalanges

Metacarpal and Phalangeal Joints in Hand (4)

• Metacarpophalangeal Joint

• Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

• Distal Interphalangeal Joint

• Interphalangeal Joint (Thumb)

Wrist Ligaments (3)

• Radial Collateral Ligament

  • Prevents Varus Force

• Ulnar Collateral Ligament

  • Prevents Valgus Force

• Palmar Radiocarpal Ligament

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Components (3)

• Articular Disc

• Ligaments

• Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon

The Ulnar Nerve (Hand) runs through _____

Guyon’s Canal (Pisiform / Hook of Hamate)

The Median Nerve (Hand) runs through the _____

Carpal Tunnel

Most common MOI for wrist injuries

FOOSH

Colle’s Fx (Characteristics)

A fx of the distal radius. The most common forearm fx. S/S include a dinner fork deformity.

Most common forearm fx

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Characteristics)

Compression of median nerve due to inflammation of tendons within the space.

Boxer’s Fx (Characteristics)

A fx of the 5th metacarpal.

Shoulder Labrum (Function)

Deepens the Socket and provides cushion for the bones.