Gross Anatomy L17

what movement is valgus

abduction

what movement in varus

adduction

what are the joints of the knee

tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral joint

what type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint

double condyloid synovial joint between femur and tibia

what type of joint is the patellofemoral joint

synovial plane between patella and femur, pulley for quadriceps muscles

what knee ligament limits anterior tibial translation

anterior cruciate ligament

what knee ligament limits posterior tibial translation

posterior cruciate ligament

what knee ligament limits valgus

medial collateral ligament

what knee ligament limits varus

lateral collateral ligament

what are the capsular ligaments

extensor retinaculum, medial and lateral retinacula, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament

what are the extracapsular ligaments

oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament, patella tendon, iliotibial tract

what are the intracapsular ligaments

anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament

what are the three posterior thigh muscles

biceps femoris (long and short heads), semimembranosus, semitendinosus

semitendinosus muscle action

hip extension, knee flexion, medial rotation

semitendinosus innervation

tibial part of sciatic nerve

semitendinosus action

hip extension, knee flexion, medial rotation of knee

semitendinosus innervation

tibial part of sciatic nerve

biceps femoris action

flexes and laterally rotates knee

what innervates long head of biceps femoris

tibial part of sciatic nerve

what innervates short head of biceps femoris

common fibular part of sciatic nerve

what muscles flex the knee

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

what muscles medially rotate the knee

semimembranosus, semitendinosus

what muscles laterally rotate the knee

biceps femoris

what are the secondary hip extensor muscles

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, long head of biceps femoris

what does the popliteus do

medial rotation of tibia, lateral rotation of femur

screw home mechanism

knee rotates during final ~30 degrees of extension to create tension in cruciate and collateral ligaments, stability for weight bearing

what bursae is associated with knee capsule’s synovium

suprapatellar bursa, gastrocnemius bursa, subpopliteal bursa

what is housemaid’s knee

bursitis of the prepatellar or infrapatellar bursae caused by prolonged kneeling or trauma