Perspective of self in Philosophy

Philos

means love

Sophia

means wisdom

Socrates

The true self is not the body but the soul and “The unexamined life is not worth living”

The Socratic Method

Also called The Dialectic Method or the method involves asking a series of questions seeking to find consistency and point out contradictions.

Plato

He established a school known as “The Academy”

The forms are ageless

eternal

The forms are unchanging

permanent

The forms are unmoving

indivisible

Plato’s Dualism

The Realm of Forms and Shadow

The Realm of Forms

Composed of eternal things

The Realm of the Shadows

Composed of changing

The Reason
The Spirited
The Appetit

Plato’s View of Human Nature

The Reason

Rational and is the motivation for goodness and truth

The spirited

Non-rational and is the will or the thrive toward action

The Appetites

Irrational and lean towards the desire for the pleasure of the body

St. Augustine of Hippo

A Christian Philosopher

Love for Physical Objects

Sin of Greed

Love for Other People

Sin of Jealousy

Love for the Self

Sin of Pride

Love for God

Real Happiness

Rene Descartes

Father of Mother Philosophy

Descartes’ System

Intuition and Deduction

Intuition

Ability to apprehend direction of certain truths

Deduction

Arriving for truth in a step by step process

Descartes famous qoute

"I think therefore I am"

Soul/Mind

a substance that is separate from the body

Body

A machine that is controlled by the will and aided by the mind

John Locke

Nothing exists in the mind that was not first in the senses

Law of Opinion
Civil Law
Divine Law

3 Laws that Locke use to describe Soul

Law of Opinion

Actions are praise worthy and virtues

Vice

Not virtues and praiseworthy

Civil Law

Actions enforce by people in authority

Divine Law

Set by God on the actions of man

David Hume

There is no permanent/ unchanging self.

2 types of perceptions

Impressions and Ideas

Impressions

Immediate sensations of external reality

Ideas

Recollections of impression

The principle of resemblance
The principle of contiguity
The principle of cause and effect

3 principles of how ideas relate to one another

The principle of resemblance

Sensing the likeness

Principle of Contiguity

Associating an event to another level

Principle of cause and effect

Principle that all events have sufficient causes

Immanuel Kant

Instead of mind conforming it to the world, the external world conforms to the mind.

Sigmund Freud

Revolutionizes ideas to determine human behavior.

Three levels of Mind

Id
Ego
Superego

Eros or life instinct and Thanatos or death instinct

Structure of mind

Eros or life instinct

Energy of____ is called "libido"

Thanatos or death instinct

Behavior towards destruction

Gilbert Ryle

Self is the BODY

Knowing that

Empty intellectualism

Knowing how

using facts and PERFORM it using skills

Patricia and Paul Churchland

Man's brain is responsible for the identity known as the self

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Focuses on the relationship between self-experience and the experience of other people.