Philos
means love
Sophia
means wisdom
Socrates
The true self is not the body but the soul and “The unexamined life is not worth living”
The Socratic Method
Also called The Dialectic Method or the method involves asking a series of questions seeking to find consistency and point out contradictions.
Plato
He established a school known as “The Academy”
The forms are ageless
eternal
The forms are unchanging
permanent
The forms are unmoving
indivisible
Plato’s Dualism
The Realm of Forms and Shadow
The Realm of Forms
Composed of eternal things
The Realm of the Shadows
Composed of changing
The Reason The Spirited The Appetit
Plato’s View of Human Nature
The Reason
Rational and is the motivation for goodness and truth
The spirited
Non-rational and is the will or the thrive toward action
The Appetites
Irrational and lean towards the desire for the pleasure of the body
St. Augustine of Hippo
A Christian Philosopher
Love for Physical Objects
Sin of Greed
Love for Other People
Sin of Jealousy
Love for the Self
Sin of Pride
Love for God
Real Happiness
Rene Descartes
Father of Mother Philosophy
Descartes’ System
Intuition and Deduction
Intuition
Ability to apprehend direction of certain truths
Deduction
Arriving for truth in a step by step process
Descartes famous qoute
"I think therefore I am"
Soul/Mind
a substance that is separate from the body
Body
A machine that is controlled by the will and aided by the mind
John Locke
Nothing exists in the mind that was not first in the senses
Law of Opinion Civil Law Divine Law
3 Laws that Locke use to describe Soul
Law of Opinion
Actions are praise worthy and virtues
Vice
Not virtues and praiseworthy
Civil Law
Actions enforce by people in authority
Divine Law
Set by God on the actions of man
David Hume
There is no permanent/ unchanging self.
2 types of perceptions
Impressions and Ideas
Impressions
Immediate sensations of external reality
Ideas
Recollections of impression
The principle of resemblance The principle of contiguity The principle of cause and effect
3 principles of how ideas relate to one another
The principle of resemblance
Sensing the likeness
Principle of Contiguity
Associating an event to another level
Principle of cause and effect
Principle that all events have sufficient causes
Immanuel Kant
Instead of mind conforming it to the world, the external world conforms to the mind.
Sigmund Freud
Revolutionizes ideas to determine human behavior.
Three levels of Mind
Id Ego Superego
Eros or life instinct and Thanatos or death instinct
Structure of mind
Eros or life instinct
Energy of____ is called "libido"
Thanatos or death instinct
Behavior towards destruction
Gilbert Ryle
Self is the BODY
Knowing that
Empty intellectualism
Knowing how
using facts and PERFORM it using skills
Patricia and Paul Churchland
Man's brain is responsible for the identity known as the self
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Focuses on the relationship between self-experience and the experience of other people.