History of the Catholic Church II - Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

Flashcards based on the provided study guide for the final exam on the history of the Catholic Church from Vatican II to the present day.

Longue Durée

A historiographical term meaning “long duration,” focusing on long-term trends and structures over short-term events to explain continuity in the Church.

Long 19th Century

Period from the French Revolution (1789) to World War I (1914) when the Church faced modern ideologies like liberalism, nationalism, rationalism, and secularism.

New Evangelization

Initiated by Pope John Paul II in the 1980s, aimed at re-evangelizing formerly Christian societies that had become secular.

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Aggiornamento

Italian for “bringing up to date.” The Council sought to re-present eternal truths in a way the modern world could understand and respond to.

Pope John XXIII

Which pope called Vatican II?

Pope Paul VI

Which pope guided the final sessions of Vatican II?

Revelation is communicated through Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition as one deposit of faith.

What is the main idea of Dei Verbum?

The Church is the People of God, the Mystical Body of Christ, and a Sacrament of Salvation.

What is the main idea of Lumen Gentium?

Promotes full, conscious, and active participation of all the faithful in the liturgy.

What is the main idea of Sacrosanctum Concilium?

The faithful must engage in the liturgy of the Church with their hearts and minds; not just external action but interior union with Christ’s sacrifice.

What does 'full and active participation' mean in the context of Sacrosanctum Concilium?

The Pope and bishops

Who, together, form the apostolic college?

A “hermeneutic of discontinuity and rupture”

What did Ratzinger/Benedict XVI warn against regarding the interpretation of Vatican II?

Historical, Theological, and Ecclesial

What were the three “contexts” of Vatican II?

Nature of the Church, Role of the Laity, and Church and the Modern World

What were the three 'issues under the issues' at Vatican II?

Encouraged biblical renewal and liturgical reform and defined the Assumption of Mary in 1950.

How did Pius XII prefigure Vatican II?

To renew the Church so it could better fulfill its evangelizing mission in the modern world.
To renew (not rewrite) Church teaching in light of modern realities, emphasizing aggiornamento and ressourcement.

What was the goal of Vatican II?

Gaudium et Spes took a positive approach, entering into dialogue with the world, while the Syllabus of Errors (1864) was defensive against modern errors.

realigns the relationship between the church and the modern world

Why did Ratzinger call Gaudium et Spes a “counter-Syllabus”?

Misinterpretation led to confusion and division, and he called for a return to the texts and a proper understanding of continuity with Tradition.

What did Ratzinger argue regarding the reception of Vatican II?

The “summit toward which the activity of the Church is directed.”

What is the liturgy according to Sacrosanctum Concilium?

Late 1960s to early 1970s, under Pope Paul VI

When were the liturgical reforms implemented?

A fragmentation of Catholic experience and raised questions about unity, reverence, and catechesis.

According to the lecture notes, what did the differences in liturgical preferences lead to?

A Catholic theologian and sociologist focused on secularization and the Church in the modern world.

Who is Stephen Bullivant?

Decline in religious vocations, drop in Mass attendance, loss of strong Catholic identity, and cultural upheaval.

What are the four major changes in the 1960s according to Bullivant?

Catholic doctrine

one thing that did not change in the 1960s

A smaller, purer Church that is open to truth, reason, and dialogue.

What did Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) envision for the future of the Church?

What did Ratzinger mean by an open church

Open to the world but not conformed to it
Not changing doctrine to fit the times but rather engage with modern humanity

role of laity based off of lumen gentium

active participation

priest-offer prayers and sacrifices of daily life

prophet-witness of a holy life and proclaimation of gospel in secular places

king-ordering of family and broader secular world

how does lumen gentium relate to pastor aternus

completion of pastor aeternus by affirming the role of the laity and the Church's nature in the modern world.

Why is the idea of the “Apostolic College” important for understanding power and authority in the Church?

collective brotherhood, authority lessened, fraternal love/service

Liberation Theology

emphasizes social justice