Civil War Reconstruction and Its Aftermath

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the lecture on Civil War Reconstruction and its aftermath, focusing on pivotal figures, events, laws, and movements.

President Grant

Supported Reconstruction, won the election of 1868, and is known for military success during the Civil War.

Election of 1868

Grant won against Democratic candidate Horatio Seymour; notable for issues surrounding Reconstruction and the legacy of the Civil War.

Andrew Johnson

Often criticized president following Lincoln's assassination, and many viewed his policies as inadequate for Reconstruction.

Waving the Bloody Shirt

A campaign strategy of Grant that revived memories of the Civil War to garner support for Republicans.

Whiskey Ring

A scandal during Grant's presidency where government officials embezzled excise tax revenues.

Tammany Hall

A powerful political machine in New York led by Boss Tweed known for corruption and illegal practices.

Liberal Republicans

A splinter group within the Republican Party that sought to end Reconstruction and combat corruption.

General Amnesty Act of 1872

Removed political restrictions on most former Confederates, allowing them to re-enter politics.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States after the Reconstruction era.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Panic of 1873

An economic crisis triggered by over-speculation, leading to a depression and high unemployment.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

The first significant law restricting immigration into the United States, targeting Chinese immigrants.

Social Darwinism

A theory that applied the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to human societies and justified social inequality.

Labor Unions

Organizations of workers formed to protect their rights and interests, particularly in relation to wages, benefits, and working conditions.

Knights of Labor

An influential labor organization in the late 19th century that aimed to unite all workers regardless of skill level or race.

Haymarket Square Riot

A violent confrontation in 1886 between police and labor protestors that led to a backlash against labor movements.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

A national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in 1886 focused on skilled workers.

Eugene Debs

A labor leader and founding member of the Industrial Workers of the World who later became a socialist candidate for president.

Settlement Houses

Community centers in urban areas that provided social services and education to immigrant populations.

Gibbons v. Ogden

The 1824 Supreme Court case that ruled that the federal government has the authority over interstate commerce.

Vertical Integration

A business strategy where a company controls all aspects of production, from raw materials to distribution.

Horizontal Integration

A business strategy where a company consolidates with competitors to monopolize their market.

Social Gospel Movement

A religious movement that seeks to improve society through social reform and the application of Christian principles.

Jane Addams

A prominent social reformer and founder of Hull House, a settlement house for immigrants in Chicago.

American Protective Association (APA)

A nativist organization formed in the late 19th century that opposed Catholic immigration and influence.

The Pendleton Civil Service Act

Law passed in 1883 that established a merit-based system for federal employment.