Bones, Spinal Column, Muscles

long bones

form the extremities of the body

compact bone

solid bone that does not bend easily

diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone

epiphysis

end of the shaft area shaped to connect to other bones by means of ligament and muscle

epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous tissue that is replaced during growth years

short bones

small, cube-shaped bones of the wrists, ankles, and toes

flat bones

generally have large, somewhat flat surfaces that cover organs

irregular bones

specialized bones with specific shapes

sesamoid bones

bones formed in a tendon near joints

marrow

soft, connective tissue and serves important functions in the production of blood cells

sutures

skull or cranial bones join at these points

fontanelles

soft spots on a newborn’s head

frontal bone

forehead and roof of eye sockets

ethmoid bone

nasal cavity and orbits of eyes

temporal bone

lower part of the skull and lower sides, including openings for ears

parietal bone

top and upper parts of the dies and the skull

occipital bone

back and base of skull

foramen magnum

the structure through which the spinal cord passes

nasal bones

for the bridge of nose

lacrimal bones

hold the lacrimal glans and the canals for the tear ducts

mandibular bone; mandible

lower jawbone and contains sockets for the lower teeth

maxillary bones

form the upper jawbone and contain the sockets for the upper teeth

spinal column (vertebral column)

consists of five sets of vertebrae

disk

separates the vertebrae, helps in movement and flexibility of the spinal column

cervical vertebrae

7 vertebrae of the neck

thoracic vertebrae

12 vertebrae that connect to the ribs

lumbar vertebrae

5 bones of the middle back

sacrum

curved bone of the lower back and consists of five separate bones that fuse together

coccyx

tailbones, four bones fused together

thorax

chest cavity

clavicle

anterior collarbone

scapula

posterior shoulder bone

sternum

breastbone

ribs

12 pairs extend from the sternum

true ribs

first 7 ribs, joined both to the vertebral column and to sternum by costal cartilage

pelvic girdle

a large bone that forms the hips and supports the trunk of the body

ilium, ischium, pubis

3 bones that compose the pelvic girdle

pelvic cavity

inside the pelvic girdle

pubic symphysis

where two pubic bones join

pelvis

major bone at the base of the trunk

humerus

upper arm bone

ulna, radius

lower arm bones

carpal bones

bones of the wrist

metacarpals

five bones of the palm that radiate out to the fingers

phalanges

fingers

femur

thigh bone

tibia (shin), fibula

lower leg bones

kneecap

patella

articulations

points where bones connect (joints)

ligaments

fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

tendons

bands of fibrous tissue that connect muscles to bones

synovial joints

ex - hip joint

synovial membrane

secretes synovial fluid

synovial fluid

a joint lubricant that helps the joints move easily

bursa

a sac lined with synovial membrane

voluntary (striated)

skeletal muscles and are responsible for contraction and movement of skeletal bones

involuntary muscles (smooth muscle, visceral)

control movement that is not controlled voluntarily; respiration, urination, digestion

cardiac muscle

controls the contractions of the heart; a band of connective tissue that supports and covers the muscle