A&P Chapter 5 (up to tissue injury and repair)

what are the 4 types of tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle , nervous

what are the functions of epithelium

lines, filters, absorbs, sensory input, secretions, excretions

apical surface is the...

lumen, body cavity

basal surface is the

basement membrane

there is (little or lots) of interstitial space

little

what holds epithelium together

junctional complexes

are epithelium vascular or avascular

avascular

what are the three junctional complexes

tight junction, desmosomes, gap junctions

what are tight junctions

Plasma membranes attach directly with one another using a protein

tight junctions are or are not impenetrable

are

what are desmosomes

Connection plaques extend into the cytoplasm of each cell via tonofilaments

what are in gap junctions

Connexons

what are Connexons

channels by which cells share cytoplasm

what do gap junctions allow for

exchange of ions, nutrients and electrical signals

what is the basement membrane also known as

basal lamina

what is the basement membrane made up of

collagen fibers

the basement membrane provides a...

support structure

the basement membrane separates _________ tissue from _________ tissue underneath

epithelial, connective

is the basement membrane vascular or avascular

vascular

what is the purpose of the brush boarder

increases surface area

what is the purpose of cilia

move substances on surface of cell

what is the purpose of keratin

waterproofing and protection

what is one layer of epithelial tissue called

simple

what is more than one layer of epithelium called

stratified

what are flat shaped cells

squamous

what are cube shaped cells

cuboidal

what are tall cells

columnar

what is a special epithelial cell

transitional

what does the simple squamous epithelium make up

mesothelium and endothelium

what is a function of simple squamous epithelium?

reduce friction, allows for easy passage of oxygen and CO2

what is the mesothelium

pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal epithelium

what is endothelium

line blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

what is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium

absorption and secretion

where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found

lining ducts

what is exocrine

substance is secreted onto a surface

what is endocrine

substance is secreted into the blood stream

what is the function of simple columnar epithelium

absorption and secretion

the absorptive cells of the simple columnar epithelium have what to increase the surface area

microvilli

what do the goblet cells of the simple columnar epithelium do

Produce protective layer of mucous

stratified squamous epithelium is located where

areas of greater mechanical stress

in Stratified Squamous Epithelium what happens to the cells on the top of the surface

they lose access to their nutrients so they slough off and die

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium is how many layers

two

where is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium located

in large excretory ducts

where can pseudostratified columnar epithelium be found

respiratory tract

what epithelium is often ciliated

pseudostratified columnar

what is special about transitional epithelium

very stretchy

where can you find transitional epithelium

urinary bladder

what is an example of an endocrine gland

pancreas and pituitary gland

what is an example of an exocrine gland

salivary gland

what is an example of both exocrine and endocrine glands

pancreas

are exocrine glands unicellular or multicellular

unicellular

what kind of special cell does the exocrine gland have

goblet cell

what does the goblet cell secrete

mucin

what does mucin do

Protects apical surface of epithelium, Traps pathogens and foreign particles

are exocrine glands multicellular or unicellular

multicellular

what are tubular exocrine glands

long channel with even width

what are acinar exocrine glands

rounded sac

what are Tubuloalveolar exocrineglands

a combo of tubular and acinar

what is a simple duct in an exocrine gland

one duct

what is a compound duct in an exocrine gland

branched ducts

what happens in the exocrine secretion method of merocrine

exocytosis of vesicles

what happens in the exocrine secretion method of apocrine

cell sacrifices its entire apex

what happens in the exocrine secretion method of holocrine

entire cell is sacrificed

what type of exocrine secretion is watery and contains enzymes?

serous

what type of exocrine secretion is thick and contains glycoproteins

mucous

what type of exocrine secretion is mixed

combo of serous and mucous

what are the functions of connectove tissue

connections, protective sheath, insulation, reserve for energy, framework, transportation, healing

are connective tissues vascularized

yes

unlike epithelium, what is connective tissue composed of

extracellular matrix

what is the purpose of the extracellular matrix

provides structural and nutritional support

what is the most abundant tissue in the body

connective

what is ground substance

The medium through which cells exchange nutrients and waste with the bloodstream

what are the three types of extracellular fibers

collagenous , reticular, elastic

what is collagenous extracellular fibers made of

collagen

are collagenous extracellular fibers strong and thick or thin and weak

strong and thick

what is reticular extracellular fibers made of

thinner collagen

what is elastic ectracellular fibers made of

elastin

because elastic extracellular cells are made of elastin they are...

stretchy

what three types of cells are fixed

fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages

what are the three wandering cells

leukocytes, mast cells, macrophages

what call is fixed and wandering

macrophages

what is the most abundant type of connective tissue in the body

loose areolar

where can you find lose areolar connective tissue

surrounding organs

what is another word for lose areolar tissue

lamina propria

what is the function of adipose tissue

insulation, energy storage, shock absorption

what is adipose tissue commonly known as?

fat

is adipose vascular or avascular?

vascular

where can you find reticular connective tissue

liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow

where can you find dense regular tissue

tendons and ligaments

where can you find dense irregular tissue

in the dermis

where can you find elastic dense connective tissue

nuchal ligament

where can the specialized connective tissue cartilage be found?

joints

where do chondrocytes live

in lacunae

what kind of fibers is cartilage made out of

collagen and elastin

where does the cartilage get its nutrients from

the perichondrium

what are the three kinds of cartilage

hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

where does bone get its nutrients from

Haversian canal

where do osteocytes live

lacunae

what are the long arms of osteocytes that connect with other cells called

canaliculi

where is the mucous located

in the GI tract