Mistakes/successes in RC

The author of the passage mentions Galápagos tortoises in the first paragraph most likely in order to

-Didn’t reread since a newbie,

-target to location, if it doesn’t bring up argument of author don’t fit that in (hold your horses focus on that section)!

-I was careful in POE for careful in specific words (Most)

-What is the turtle doing suggesting? evidence?

-Notice that Ans has “most species” implied from passage since theory applied broad + Q says most likely

PT123.S4.P2.Q13

Which one of the following principles underlies the arguments in both passages?

• stuck b/w 2 choose wrong one

PT129.S4.P1.Q3

Which one of the following statements is affirmed by the passage? [exactly in passage]

The broadcasting industry's economic goals can be met most easily by minimizing the attention given to the interests of viewers and listeners. error?

The court ruled in the case brought by the United Church of Christ that the FCC had the ultimate authority to decide whether to renew a broadcaster's license. error?

Before the United Church of Christ won its case, the FCC would not allow citizens' groups to speak as members of the public at FCC hearings. error?

Read carefully

1)The author never indicates how economic goals can “most” easily be met.

2)the court had the ultimate authority, not the FCC.

3) Supported by P1 and by the fact that the church case established precedent for opening up FCC hearings to the public.

PT129.S4.P3.Q14

Passage B indicates which one of the following?

• 2 options left choose wrong one

PT123.S4.P4.Q23

Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?

A) Passage is 80% on how good pollen is useful and how this supplments and correxts didn’t select and choose ans that focus was in the concession little paragraph

B) Analyses of historical documents, together with pollen evidence, have led to the revision of some previously accepted hypotheses...

E) … its applicability is severely limited, since it cannot be used to identify plant species.

B) The Flaw (False Partnership): The phrase "together with "misrepresents. Doesn't say combining document analysis with pollen analysis to team up. Instead, pollen analysis fix the assumptions historians made.

E) The Flaw (Wrong Emphasis & Extreme Language): Fips the author's focus. The author spends 80% of the passage (Paragraphs 1-4) talking about how incredibly useful pollen analysis is.

P 5 is just a minor concession ("Hey, it's not perfect..."). (E) makes the limitation the focus, which misrepresents the author's.

• The Kill Shot: The phrase "severely limited" is way too extreme. The author just says "there are limits." On the LSAT, extreme adverbs like "severely" are huge red flags unless the passage explicitly justifies them!

PT123.S4.P4.Q26

The passage indicates that prior to the use of pollen analysis in the study of the history of the Irish landscape, at least some historians believed which one of the following?

Handling Dates & Timelines (Conflict Mapping) recite?

Cereal grain was not cultivated anywhere in Ireland until at least the seventh century. error here?

• The Strategy: Ignore exact years and read for the "Old View vs. New View" conflict. Focus on simple relationships like Early vs. Late instead of memorizing the timeline.

• Jotting Example (Mental or Scratch Paper):

  • P3 (Cereal) -> Hist = Late / Pollen = Early

  • P4 (Flax) -> Hist = Early / Pollen = Late

• Ireland was too broad they only mentioned Couty down

PT123.S4.P4.Q27

Which one of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the second paragraph and the final paragraph?

The final paragraph describes a problem that must be solved before the method advocated in the second paragraph can be considered viable. error?

qualifies the claim = “Qualifies” can mean to put limits on, make less absolute, or add reservations to. So the last paragraph qualifies (in the sense of puts limits on) the claim that pollen analysis provides an additional means of investigating the landscape.

X = Too strong. The author doesn’t suggest in the last paragraph that we have to solve a problem before using pollen analysis. We can still use pollen analysis — we should just be aware that it has some limitations, as described in the last paragraph.

Which one of the following, if true, is LEAST consistent with Riechert's theory about fighting behavior in spiders?

-Choose answer because felt far-fetched from what was mentioned-not sufficient reasoning

-overlooked the meaning of dislays, tied it to solely be of the trad theory but not of others (bit more implicit)

-Choose the one that is (Anti-supported explicity) clearly saying opp that is being argued

The passage suggests which one of the following about the behavior of A. aperta in conflict situations?

-Yay to 2 options POE

-Careful with strong wording “primarily“ = sole reason when passage just gives predictions as reasons

-:): Contrapositve of what is stated “They may confine their fighting behavior to displays if the value of a disputed resource is too low and the risk of physical injury is too great.“ ->WAS EXPLICITY STATED w/o display was inferred (missed this inference) bc of “fighting is not limited to displays“

PT136.S3.P4.Q23 - By attributing to commentators the view that philosophical anarchism has implications that are "counterintuitive" (second-to-last sentence of the first paragraph), the author most likely means that the commentators believe that

-trouble digesting stem

-REread ur a newbie

-“internal logical inconsistency“ =bad logic this is what the AUTHOR thinks

PT129.S4.P2.Q12—
In using the phrase "vagrant fancies of an undisciplined mind" (first sentence of the third paragraph), the author suggests that humanists are sometimes considered to be

-second guessed yourself (ONLY LOOKED BACKWARDS)

-difference in logically inconsistent [flaw in reasoning] vs excessively impractical [flaw in usefulness]

-LOOK FOR CONTEXT CLUES BY PRECEDING AND POST EXPLANATION.

PT129.S4.P2.Q8 —It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements?

-picked xAC since didn’t fully read and understood it:

• characterized by the extension

• from science to the humanities.

-found support for a misinterpreted claim

-not able to dind support for :)AC (Ctrl F main word -humanist)

FIRST 100% P of the day Jul 8 yayaya

-First I focused on my stratgeis of highlighting and waiting for the end of the passge to highlight helped

-also POE helped I had justification for each elimination regardless of not knowing a word correctly I relied on the passage ONLY

-Good capturing “a part of the argument, not the full part. MBT

-Trusting your gut when a word or concept simply wasn't in the text

-sensed that the author had a negative view ("strong disagreement") toward the "Whig" [X]

-When you feel that glaze-over happening, take a literal 3-second pause, close your eyes, take a deep breath, and reset before looking back at the screen.

PT111.S2.P1.Q1—
Which one of the following most completely and accurately states the main idea of the passage?

-Sleepy and was able to 2 POE

-Didn’t read it fully ”women's memoirs of the French Revolution reflect French society's intolerance toward women's involvement in the political sphere.” this wasn’t supported

PT123.S4.P3.Q17 — With which one of the following claims about documents placed on Web pages would the author be most likely to agree?

• Such documents cannot be protected from unauthorized distribution without significantly diminishing the potential of the Web to be a widely used form of communication. 🙂 to deatil + digest in simpler words + ready all the way to the end of the AC we cautious of “only if, significant etc.“

PT123.S4.P3.Q21 — The author's discussion of telephone answering machines serves primarily to

-selected a AC that not fully supported + fell for half right Ans

-illustration meaning

-plus thought 'determine the outcome' was too strong enought to be supported

When you are evaluating "Function" or "Purpose" questions (like "Why did the author include X?")

do not eliminate an answer just because its vocabulary sounds broad or abstract.

Instead of asking, "Did the author explicitly say the words 'determine the outcome'?

" Ask yourself, "Does this analogy actually provide the logic needed to settle the main argument?"

(If yes, then it "determines the outcome!")

R+C— PT136.S3.P2.Q7— Which one of the following does each of the passages display?

• eliminated since story telling /= story but here concepts aligned + mystery answer (didn’t fully understand this AC that was right)

PT136.S3.P2.Q9 — Which one of the following does each passage indicate is typical of writing in the respective professions discussed in the passages?

• misinterpreted the stem “ indicate is typical” + selected the one that is atypical

• 1) eliminate ovis

• 2) Command F

PT136.S3.P2.Q10 — In which one of the following ways are the passages NOT parallel?

• had it down to last 2 pick choose wrong bc i didnt understand the stem

• Strategy of Comparison

• 1) check if A does elimenate then B → POE

• "Presents and rejects arguments for an opposing position"

  • "Historians argue that abstract writing is necessary for objectivity, but they are wrong because..." /= The author just attacks their writing style. [THE AUTHOR WOULD HAVE TO BE LIKE HERE IS WHY MY OPPONENT BELIEVES THIS BUT THEY ARE WRONG]

• Ans: A “describes specific examples of a phenomenon it criticizes“ = gives examples of its criticsm, yes but B is more general no examples

PT136.S3.P2.Q12 — Suppose that a lawyer is writing a legal document describing the facts that are at issue in a case. The author of passage B would be most likely to expect which one of the following to be true of the document?

• i kept approaching it as like does this suport oh maybe it does? Instead of attacking and being confident of what author says!

• Ex: It will be a concise, well-crafted piece of writing that summarizes most, if not all, of the facts that are important in the case. → this goes against the arg of writing badly.

• Fiction = Made-up stories from the imagination

PT136.S3.P1.Q3 — Which one of the following would, if true, most strengthen the claim made by the author in the last sentence of the passage?

-narrowed down 2 but picked wrong one

-Claim:Such binary oppositions are used analogously in West African tales, and it seems likely that these dialectical elements are related to African oral storytelling more than, as many critics have supposed, to the Marxist components of his ideology.

-Several African novelists who draw upon the oral traditions of West Africa use binary oppositions as fundamental structures in their narratives, even though they have not read Marxist theory.

-Binary oppositions do not play an essential structuring role in the narratives of some films produced by other filmmakers who subscribe to Marxist principles.

• Question Type: RC Strengthen

• The Scenario: The author claims an outcome is caused by Element X, and definitely NOT by Element Y.

How do you strengthen this?

• The "Salsa vs. Cheese" Strategy: Find the answer choice that shows a situation where Element X is present, Element Y is completely absent, and the outcome still happens.

• (e.g., Show an artist who uses oral traditions (X) but never read Marx (Y), and still has the exact same themes).

• The Trap: Getting distracted by LR quantifiers ("most," "some," "all") on Reading Comp Strengthen questions.

• The Rule: ?

• The Rule: Before evaluating the intensity of the words (like "most films"), you must check if the answer choice even contains the core ingredients of the author's claim.

• If an answer choice is missing the core subjects (e.g., it talks about "other filmmakers" but forgets to mention "Marxism" or "Oral Traditions"), it is irrelevant garbage. Cross it out immediately!

PT136.S1.P2.Q10 — It can be inferred that the author of passage A is

• not well versed in this area

• “this court.” + main point is that the trial court was allowed to admit fingerprint evidence → judge

• Prosectuor → "We urge the court..." or "The State believes..."

• The trial court below was therefore within its discretion..."

  • When a case is appealed, it moves up to an Appellate Court (an appeals court). The judges sitting on this higher court refer to the original court where the trial happened as "the court below" or "the lower court."

C —PT136.S1.P2.Q14

Passage B differs from passage A in that passage B is more

Front: How do you quickly find the "scope" (broad vs. specific) of a passage?

Front: Descriptive vs. Prescriptive Passages

Front: Passage A talks about "John's 1994 trial." Passage B talks about "the fundamental flaws of the justice system." What is the main difference?

Front: Objective vs. Subjective Passages

• trouble noticing one was more general than the other

• Back: Read the very first sentence! Look for specific names/events (Specific) versus broad categories/professions (General).

• Back: Descriptive = Explaining what IS (facts, history). Prescriptive = Arguing what SHOULD BE (advice, calls to action).

• Back: Passage B is more general in focus (or broader in scope) than Passage A.

• Back: Objective = Neutral tone, just presenting facts. Subjective = Highly opinionated, uses strong adjectives (e.g., "terrible," "revolutionary").

PT136.S1.P3.Q19 — The author's primary purpose in the passage is to

Scope: "The Art of the [Genre]" — /tough

Def: A phrase referring to the entire category or field as a whole, not just one specific piece of work. | Hook: "The art of cooking" means the whole culinary world, not just one bowl of mac and cheese.

The author writes about a specific novel and a certain interesting feature of that novel. Morrison’s broader contributions to the art of the novel are beyond the scope of this passage.

PT136.S1.P3.Q20 — Each of the following excerpts from the passage exhibits the author's attitude toward the novel Jazz EXCEPT:

Targeted Praise — /tough

Def: Strong positive words show attitude, but the correct answer must identify the exact specific thing being praised, not the general topic. | Hook: Saying "this pizza crust is genius" means you love the crust, it doesn't mean you love the whole restaurant!

"...whose music is often considered its greatest artistic achievement and one of the greatest contributions to North American art" (third sentence of the first paragraph) ans or no?

PT136.S1.P3.Q15 —
Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?

Building on the works of many African American writers and musical composers, Morrison has over the years developed an innovative jazzlike style of narration, which she used especially effectively in the novel Jazz.

[never mentioned/implied in passage-incorrectly claims a specific, one-time achievement in a single book was a slow, career-long development.]

In Jazz, Morrison has succeeded in creating an original and effective narrative strategy that is a literary analogue of Duke Ellington's style of musical composition.

Literary Analogue -- Def: A written equivalent to a non-written concept; translating the structure of another art form (like music) into the structure of a book.

Compositional Style (Style of Musical Composition) -- Def: The unique, signature blueprint or set of rules a specific artist uses to build a song (e.g., Duke Ellington writing specifically for his band's quirks).

PT136.S1.P3.Q21 — It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to believe which one of the following?

“More than simply..." (Analogy Layers) =

The structural analogy between Jazz and Duke Ellington's compositional style involves more than simply the technique of shifting between first-person and third-person narrators.

Analogy Mapping

Def: When a passage compares two different fields, you must match the pieces of one directly to the pieces of the other (e.g., musician's solo = character's quote). | Hook: It's like translating Spanish to English; the words look different but the meaning maps perfectly.

PT123.S1.P3.Q15 — Based on the information in the passage, with which one of the following statements regarding solar electrical systems would the author be most likely to agree?

• Despite previous difficulties, these systems can be implemented profitably in many countries.

  • I knew that the reason for the difficulties, but didn’t see support for implemented profitably but this needed to be inferred since they sau solar is a good option but the diffuclties stopped it from being suceesful.

  • 1) command F and search solar → read the area around + combine with knowldege to see if its not far fetched

• These systems are more costly to install, operate, and maintain than are wind-energy systems.

  • I choose this because I thought since high bid could infer too costly, but it was too costly using foregin expertise instead so they dug there own hole + NEVER MENTIONED/SUGGESTED THE FAILURE DEPENDENT SOLELY ON COST EXPENSES BUT IN INVOLVEMENT.

  • IF SHE WASN’T MENTIONED TAKE HER OUT! OR MENTIONED IN ONE EXAMPLE IF IT DOESN’T APPLY TO ALL POINTS DONT SELECT! + don’t just ross out becasue of “many“ since they use words like “can“

123.S1.P3.Q19 — The author's discussion in the third sentence of the passage is intended primarily to

• stuck 2 picked wrong one

• substantiate (prove) the claim that the demand for electricity will climb 50 percent by the year 2010 vs offer evidence for the claim that fossil fuels are a problematic source of electricity

• For example, emissions of air pollutants in these countries are expected to double over the next 25 years, even if energy is used efficiently, so that local urban air quality will likely deteriorate.

If the author of passage A were to read passage B, he or she would be most likely to agree with which one of the following?

Though Cather preferred to call Death Comes for the Archbishop a narrative rather than a novel, she would be unlikely to view most of her other novels in the same way.

Cather's goal of representing the "thing not named" explains her preference for the bold, simple, and stylized in the presentation of character.

• I was feeling overwhelmed it was a silly mistake not supported at all

• I would answer this one/ eliminate

4.

Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of passage B?

Cather's fiction is best approached by focusing purely on narrative, rather than on the formal characteristics of the novel.
Most commentators on Cather's novels have mistakenly treated her distinctive narrative techniques as aesthetic flaws.

Cather intentionally avoided the realistic psychological characterization that is the central feature of the modern Western novel.

Cather's impressionistic narratives served as an important impetus for the development of narratology in the 1960s.
Cather rejected the narrative constraints of the realistic novel and instead concentrated on portraying her characters by sketching their inner lives.

1) didn’t note where in passage/prephrase after

2) fell for traps that could be likely/ side details vs what is the main point

yes, most, detail, could be true, coud be true