Week 5 Ch 13: Dental Implants

subperiosteal implants

placed under the periosteum and rests on the bone; not common today; constructed and placed in three stages

transosteal implant

consists of horizontal support beam attached to metal rods that are inserted into holes drilled all the way through the mandible from its superior border to its inferior border; option when pt has severe resorption; seldom used due to its invasive nature

endosseous implants

surgically placed into the bone; titanium and titanium alloys are the metals most commonly used as they are biocompatible with oral tissues; very successful with long term survival - longer than 10 years

titanium

lightweight, corrosive resistant, biocompatible material; elastic modulus allows the forces placed on the implant to be more evenly distributed between the implant and bone

osseointegration

bone grows around and closely adapt to titanium and titanium alloy implants

implant fixture

the portion if the implant that is placed in the bone and remains there to support the crown

abutment

an attachment to the implant fixture that protrudes through the gingiva and acts like a tooth preparation on which the crown attaches or the prosthesis rests; usually attached to fixture with a screw

bone grafting

needed when the proposed implant site lacks an adequate amount of quality of bone

autografts

harvested from client’s own body

allografts

human bone taken from donors who have donated body parts at time of death (cadaver bone)

xenografts

obtained from small animals, usually bovine or porcine

alloplasts

synthetic materials that stimulates new bone - made from hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate

barrier membranes

thin membrane that prevents fibrous tissue from growing into the site of bone grafting - prevents the graft material from being lost from the graft site; can be resorbable or nonresorbable

sinus lift

surgical procedure that adds bone in the molar and premolar region when: max sinus has extended into the area, bone has resorbed from the alveolar ridge after teeth was lost

sutures

used to hold tissues together, aid in bleeding control and prevent blood clots from being dislodged after tooth extraction; 2 types - absorbable and nonabsorbable

chromic gut

sutures derived from animal collagen

synthetic polyglycolic acid

sutures made from biodegradable thermoplastic polymer

nonabsorbable

suture made of braided silk

sulcus brush, interproximal brushes, end tuft brushes

what are some osc aids we can use for implants?

stainless steel

what instrument material should you never use on implants?

titanium scalers, plastic only on smooth surfaces for biofilm removal, tin oxide for prophy option

what materials is ok to use on implants?

chronic asthma or pulmonary disease, pt with transmissible disease, immuno-compromised pt

what are some contraindications for air polishing?