Econ chapters 10-11 vocab

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59 Terms

1

money

anything that serves as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value

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2

fiat money

objects that have value because a government has decreed that they are an acceptable means to pay debts

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3

store of value

Something that keeps its value if stored rather than spent

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4

currency

coins and paper bills used as money

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5

commodity money

objects that have value in and of themselves and that are also used as money

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6

representative money

objects that have value because the holder can exchange them for something else of value

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7

specie

coined money, usually gold or silver, used to back paper money

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8

barter

the direct exchange of one set of g/s for another

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9

unit of account

a means for comparing the values of g/s

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10

medium of exchange

anything that is used to determine value during the exchange of g/s

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11

investment

the act of redirecting resources from being consumed today so that they may create benefits in the future

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12

financial system

the network of structures and mechanisms that allows the transfer of money between savers and borrowers

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13

financial asset

a claim on the property or income of a borrower

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14

financial intermediary

an institution that helps channel funds from savers to borrowers

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15

mutual fund

an organization that pools the saving of many individuals and invests this money in a variety of stocks, bonds, and other financial assets.

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16

hedge fund

a private investment organization that employs risky strategies to try and make huge profits for investors

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17

diversification

the stratey of spreading out investments to reduce risk

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18

portfolio

a collection of financial assets

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19

prospectus

an investment report that provides info to potential investors

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20

return

the money an investor receives above and beyond the sum of money initially invested

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21

coupon rate

the interest rate that a bond issuer will pay to the bondholder

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22

maturity

the time at which payment to a bondholder is due

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23

par value

a bond’s stated value, to be paid to the bondholder at maturity

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24

yield

the annual rate of return on a bond if the bond is held to maturity

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25

savings bond

a low-denomination bond issued by the US govt

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26

inflation-indexed bond

a bond that protects the investor against inflation by its linage to an index of inflation

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27

municipal bond

a bond issued by a state or local government or a municipality to finance a public project

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28

corporate bond

a bond issued by a corporation to help raise money for an expansion

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29

junk bond

a bond with high risk and potentially high yield

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30

capital market

a market in which money is lent for periods longer than a year

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31

money market

a market where money is let for periods of a year or less

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32

primary market

a market for selling financial assets that can be redeemed only by the original holder

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33

secondary market

a market for reselling financial assets

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34

share

a portion of stock

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35

capital gain

the difference between the selling price and the purchase price that results in a financial gain for the seller

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36

capital loss

the difference between the selling and purchase price that results in a financial loss for the seller

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37

stock split

the division of each single share of a company’s stock into more than one share

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38

stockbroker

a person who links buyers and sellers of stock

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39

brokerage firm

a business that specializes in trading stocks

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40

stock exchange

a market for buying and selling stock

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41

futures

contracts to buy or sell commodities at a particular date in the future at a price specified today

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42

options

contracts that give investors the right to buy or sell stock and other financial assets at a particular price until a specified future date

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43

call option

a contract for buying stock at a particular price until a specified future date

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44

put option

a contract for selling stock at a particular price until a specified future date

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45

bull market

a steady rise in the stock market over a period of time

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46

bear market

a steady drop or stagnation in the stock market over a period of time

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47

speculation

the practice of making high-risk investments with borrowed money in the hopes of getting a big return

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48

money supply

all the money available in the US economy

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49

liquidity

the ability to be used as, or directly converted into, cash

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50

demand deposit

money in a checking account that can be paid out “on demand” or at any time

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51

money market mutual fund

a fund that pools money from small savers to purchase short-term gov’t and corporate securities

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52

fractional reserve banking

a banking system that keeps only a fraction of its funds on hand and lends out the remainder

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53

default

failing to pay back a loan

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54

mortgage

a specific type of loan that is used to buy real estate

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55

credit card

a card entitling its owner to buy g/s based on the owners promise to pay for those g/s

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56

interest

the price paid for the use of borrowed money

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57

principal

the amount of money borrowed

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58

debit card

a card used to withdraw money from a bank account

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59

creditor

a person/institution to whom money is owed.

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