MIS 250 Ch. 9 - Knowledge Management and E-Learning (Exam 2)

What is intellectual capital?

All intangible assets and resources of an enterprise that are not captured by conventional accounts reports but that still contribute to its value and help it achieve competitive advantage

What does intellectual capital highlight?

The notion that intangible factors like knowledge and expertise of employees are assets

What is human capital?

Competencies and knowledge possessed by an organization's employees

What is social capital?

Number and quality of all the relationships that an organization's employees maintain, not just with one another but also with clients, customers, suppliers, and prospective employees

What is structural capital?

Knowledge stored as documentation about business processes, procedures, policies, contracts, transactions, patents, research, trade secrets, and other aspects of an organization's operations and strategies (often stored electronically)

What is explicit knowledge?

Knowledge that can be documented, often stored in IS, on websites, spreadsheets, or in handbooks and manuals

What is tacit knowledge?

Encompasses the insights, judgements, creative processes, and wisdom that comes from learning and long experience in the field, with many trial and errors

What is knowledge management?

Set of strategies and practices that organizations use to become more systematic about managing intellectual capital

What are the knowledge management steps?

1) Identify the goal
2) Locate the sources
3) Capture the knowledge
4) Organize, share, and value knowledge

What are some potential sources of explicit knowledge from structural capital?

IS, Intranet, Employee directories, Annual reports, Employee manuals, Calendars, Employee handbooks, Presentation slides and videos

What is the average relative importance to uses seeking an expert of these characteristics...

Extent of knowledge = 25%
trustworthiness = 19%
communication skills = 14%
willingness to help = 12%
experience = 12%
currency of knowledge = 9%
Awareness of other resources = 9%

What is social network analysis (SNA)?

Maps and measures the strength of relationships among individuals and groups, represented as nodes in the network. Provides insights into network clusters and the roles different people play as leaders, influencer, or connecting bridges to other networks

What are communities of practice?

Groups of individuals who come together to learn from one another and share knowledge about their professions, typically rely on online discussion forums, social networks, shared workspaces, wikis, blogs, and other social media

What is intranet?

Organization's private web space that relies on TCP/IP and web browsers, but is password-protected and accessible only to authoried individuals via organization's portal

What is enterprise content management?

Overarching approach to organize intellectual capital, designed to help organizations gain control over all kinds of content that might be in the form of documents, videos, web pages, social posts, or images and then manage changes, updates, archiving, or deleting

What is document management system?

Manage electronic documents, often converted from paper sources, and make them searchable and easily transmitted

What are Intelligent character recognition (ICR)?

Provided by software that can interpret handprinted text written on paper forms

What are some examples of properties that can be tracked by document management systems?

Date create, date last modified, author(s), title

If the type of content is low-value, nuisance, and redundant information, what knowledge management strategy should you implement?

Delete

If the type of content is compliance information, what knowledge management strategy should you implement?

Automate collection and archiving to achieve cost-effectiveness

If the type of content is operational information, what knowledge management strategy should you implement?

Systematically collect and organize, ensuring wide availability throughout organization

If the type of content is strategically valuable information what knowledge management strategy should you implement?

Develop strategies to experiment with and invest in this information

What is semantic web?

Management knowledge on the web that refers to strategies and technologies to create a web with meaning in which online resources and their relationships can be read and understood by computers, relying on machine learned

What is the resource description framework (RDF)?

Describes resources and their properties written in XML and was developed by World Wide Web Consortium

Why would someone not to share knowledge?

- It would take a lot of time that can be better spent gaining new clients to earn another bonus
- Diminish job security by passing down information
- Employers might require higher workloads if time-saving tips are shared
- If their content is critiqued one might be reluctant to share
- Overly complicated interfaces

Why would someone share their knowledge?

- If their knowledge sharing is values, they will more likely continue
- Helps develop their own social capital
- Others tend to reciprocate

How would you get someone to share knowledge?

Moderate monetary rewards
If it is too big: employees won't share at all unless they will earn what they think is a fair payment

What is another way to get someone to share knowledge?

- Annual performance reviews that reward people with raises and promotions for sharing
- Emphasizing team's overall performance can balance competition and cooperation
Annual reviews can hinder sharing

What type of interface is most likely to be used?

Intuitive, user-friendly interface encourages people to actually log in.
Companies avoid the integrated ECM and instead deploy content services that employees find easier to use

What can hinder success?

- If content is stale or inaccurate
- Too little content can cause people to abandon project

What is e-learning?

Refers to a varied set of instructional approaches that all depend on information and communication technologies, especially the interest, to connect trainees with learning materials and also with their instructors and other trainees

What is self-paced e-learning?

Students use online material independently, with little or no instructor involvement
Important to gain structural knowledge about company policies or IS

What is instructor led e-learning?

Involves a teacher who guides students through the course, often using virtual classrooms, email, phone, web conferencing, discussion forums, and other collaborative techs

What is massive open online course (MOOC)?

Offered by colleges through a third party, and anyone can enroll for free or at low cost to gain momentum in higher education

Who is the subject matter expert?

The person who possesses the content expertise and knows what should be covered in the course

Who is the instructional designer?

The person who brings the knowledge about what strategies work best for e-learning

What is a learning object?

Digital resource that can be embedded in course in its proper place and that can be edited and reused for other purposed if needed

What does serious game refer to?

A game designed for useful purposes beyond entertainment, and such a game is often used in industries such as defense, education, health care, and emergency response

What is learning management system (LMS)?

An IS used to deliver the e-learning courses, track student progress, and manage educational records

What is sharable content object reference model (SCORM)?

A set of standards that governs how e-learning objects communicate with the LMS on a technical level so that users can import a SCORM-compliant object to any LMS that supports the standard

What are learning analytics?

The application of data analytics to education and learner profiling

What tool is used to crawl through databases, websites, emails, project summaries, and other electronic documents to refine their expertise ratings?

Expert locator tools

What is part of XML family of standards that is used to describe online resources and their properties for the semantic web?

RDF

A common means to limit cheating became what in academic remote learnings?

Using a remote proctor with a webcam during testing

What object is a self-contained digital resource embedded in an e-learning course that can be edited and reused for other purposes?

Learning object

Which instructional techniques does not support asynchronous interactions?

Whiteboard

What is an after-action?

A meeting held after a project bas been completed to document what worked well and what did not

Which knowledge management strategies should be used with redundant information?

Delete the information from the system

What is typically used as raw material for a social network analysis?

Employee surveys

Which capital describes the number and quality of relationships in organization's employees maintain with one another as well as with clients...

Social capital

Linked learning is an example of what type of e-learning?

MOOC

What is a social network?

An analysis map and measures the strength of relationships represented as nodes in clusters and uncovers those who play pivotal roles as bridges to other groups, both inside and outside of the organization

What is a good example of the benefits of MOOCs?

Google developed courses on data analytics and awards a professional certificates for completion

Which knowledge management strategies should be used with operational information?

Systematically collect and organize, making it widely available throughout the organization

Which function does a project sponsor perform in an e-learning program?

Defining project goals and paying the bills

What is a wiki?

A website in which users add and edit articles about specific topics and discuss the contents of each article with other editors

Which instructional technologies enables asynchronous interaction in e-learning?

Webcasting