CC12 Final Exam MC

Indianfatuation

• “Ironic ambiguity of the a historical, romantic infatuation with Indigenous people”

• “In love” with the culture in an untrue way

Appian Way

• Rome to southern Italy

• Longest road in Rome

• The Most Famous Road during Roman times 

  • AKA: Via Appia

  • 312 BCE - Appius Claudius

  • 200km - linked Rome and Capua

• “All roads lead to Rome.”

Roman architecture 🏛 (famous constructions, characteristics)

• The Romans were known for their great monuments and architectural innovations.

• Famous constructions

  • Immense palaces, stadiums, temples, amphitheatre, and victory arches

  • EX: Colosseum (amphitheatre), Pantheon

• discovered arches and domes hold weight better and created concrete etc.

Julius Caesar - life

• 103 BCE - 44 BCE

• Roman Dictator, Consul and General, military success

• Triumvirate (rule of 3 leaders) with Pompey and Crassus

• Had enemies because of his power

Julias Ceasar - assassination

• Entered the Senate on March 15, 44 BCE (ides of march)

• Stabbed by Brutus in the play

  • Not sure in real life, multiple conspirators

Julius Caesar - shakespeare play

• Shakespeare

  • A play on Caesar’s life

  • “Et tu, Brute?”

    • Caesar’s last words as his close friend Brutus stabbed him

Joseph Cambell - Monomyth - Hero’s Journey

• studied myths from around the world, wrote that they all represent a mono-myth/Hero’s Journey

• Wrote book about the Hero’s Journey: The Man With A Thousand Faces

• said All stories follow the same cycle (many books and movies follow this formula):

Art of War

• By Sun Tzu in ancient China

• guide to military strategy and tactics

• Principles apply to war, politics, business - all aspects of life

• Emphasizes importance of strategy, planning, and intelligence over brute force

• Stresses discipline, leadership, and use of psychological warfare

Cultural archetypes

• Universal pattern or symbol seen in every culture

  • Searching for Winnetou - people in Indigenous clothing dancing regularly, not how Indigenous tradition would

Allegory of the Cave

• By famous philosopher Plato

• Dialogue between his teacher Socrates and himself

• The cave symbolizes ignorance; some in the cave don't realize they’re in the cave like how a fish doesn't realize it lives in water

Ides of March

• March 15th 44 BCE, the day Julius Caesar was assassinated

• Hieroglyphics

• Egyptian system of writing 

• Pyramid of Giza

• Largest pyramid in Egypt 

• Idle No More

• Political movement for indigenous sovereignty (deciding who governs)

Oka Crisis

• Conflict between Canadian government and Indigenous people (Mohawk nation)

  • Government wanted to build a golf course on burial grounds of the Indigenous nation

  • 78-day standoff between provincial police, government, and Mohawk people

  • Began July 11, 1990, ended September 26, 1990

  • Armed protest

  • Mohawk protestors surrendered, government bought the land but cancelled the golf course

• Elements (🌱💦🔥🌪) of culture

• Sports

• Music

• Economics

• Art

• Religion

• Language

• Nation

• Nation: (cultural)  a great number of people united through common descent, history, culture, or language, or by living in a certain country or territory

State

• State: (geographical) organized political community with defined borders, government, and sovereignty  

• Status quo

• “Same old same old”

• Philippines (demographics, basic geographical makeup)

• Population: 118 million

• Southeast Asia, consists of 7,641 islands

• Tagalog, English, 180+ regional languages and dialects

  • T/F

    • Predominantly roman catholic

    • American dollar (this is false)

    • Capital is Manila

    • Republic

• Stoicism

• Name comes from Stoa Poikile

• We may not always have control over the event affecting us, we can have control over how we approach things 

• Four cardinal virtues: 

  • Practical Wisdom: navigating complex situations in a calm manner

  • Temperance: exercising self restraint and moderation

  • Justice: treating others with fairness

  • Courage: facing challenges with clarity and integrity

• Focuses on personal improvement but is not a self centered philosophy, 

• Only people who have cultivated virtue and self control in themselves, can bring positive change in others

• Polytheism - Monotheism

• Polytheistic: The belief of worshipping multiple gods and goddesses involves the recognition of a variety of gods, each often associated with different aspects of nature, life, or human experiences.

• Monotheistic: belief in one God

• Atheist: believe in no god

• The Odyssey

• Written by Homer

• Story about Odysseus

• Greek mythology

• There were different gods for everything, so they believed the god controlled everything and had an important role in everyday life

• 12 “main” gods (the Olympians)

• Greek mythology also included the Muses (inspired artists, writers, and musicians), the Fates (3 female deities that controlled the destinies of humans, past, present, and future), and the Furies (enforced family laws and avenged those who family killed).

• The ancient Greeks would go to shrines, altars, or temples to leave prayers or gifts

• They usually hoped for the god’s blessing, or to avoid a god’s punishment

• Anthropomorphic: The gods possessed human features, both virtues and failings.

NOTE: They had no organized church, so priests did not have much authority

• Implicit vs. explicit values

• Implicit: unspoken, implied, underlying beliefs that shape behaviour

  • Example: respecting elders in some cultures, even if unstated

• Explicit: clearly stated and communicated beliefs

  • Example: a company states, “Honesty is our top priority.” your my top priority hannah

Fast Fashion

• Cheap, trendy clothing produced quickly to meet consumer demand

• Goal is to mimic high fashion styles at low cost, available in stores rapidly

• Mass produced using low-cost labour, often in developing countries

• Major impact on environment -> contributor to waste, water pollution, and carbon emissions 

• Consumer culture encourages overconsumption and throwaway habits

• Often criticized for being unsustainable and unethical

• Alternatives: slow fashion, sustainable brands, secondhand shopping (thrift)

Cod moratorium

• Temporary ban on cod fishing to let fish stocks recover in Newfoundland

  • Government was told that the number of cod was going down 

    • Put the ban in order to let the fish recover and reproduce

Problem: other countries may fish in Newfoundland waters (they're under a different jurisdiction)

Cleopatra

Last active ruler of Egypt

Aristotle - Homer - Plato

Greek philosophers

Egyptian inventions

Papyrus - form of paper

• Hundred Years War - causes

• Dispute over who should inherit the French throne after Charles IV

• Conflict over land rights, especially the duchy of Aquitaine.

• Ongoing economic rivalry between England and France

English claim to the throne by Edward III, believed to be unjustly denied.

hundred years war - consequences

• Heavy casualties and widespread destruction in France

• Economic decline due to ruined farmland and disrupted trade

• Financial strain on England from war costs

• Social disruption as knights and officials served abroad

• Boosted nationalism and military pride in both nations

Spurred military innovations, especially in artillery

• Spartacus

Gladiator

• Led a revolt for the slaves against the rich in Rome

• The Acadians (the acadian expulsion)

• Acadians: French-speaking settlers in Nova Scotia and nearby areas.

• Expulsion began: 1755, during the French and Indian War.

• Reason: British feared Acadian loyalty to France; Acadians refused unconditional allegiance

• What happened: 11,000+ Acadians deported, homes burned, families split.

• Many died: From disease, starvation, or shipwrecks

Remembrance Day: July 28 – Day of Commemoration in Canada.

• Saint Joan of Arc

• Fought in Hundred Years War

• Golden Mean 🪙😡

• Balance between two extremes of something

  • Aristotle’s idea was that you find virtue in the middle

  • Recklessness and cowardice

• Pan-Indianism

• Generalizing Indigenous cultures into one

  • Taking one symbol of one nation and assuming it applies to all

Para:

Discuss the main causes and consequences of the Hundred Years’ War.

• happened between 1337-1453

• mostly over dispute over french throne, territorial tensions, and economic rivalry

• French king Charles IV died without male heir, Englands Edward III (Mother was french princess), claimed the throne

  • got rejected because of Salic Law

• this dispute combined with ongoing conlficts over english-held territories in Franch and economic competition started the war

• caused more harm than good

• heavy casualties and widespread destruction of France

  • strengthend monarchy and strong sense of nationalism

• in england: the war spurred politcal unrest and ecnomic strain

Para:

Aristotle believed that there are three distinct types of friendship. In a well-organized paragraph, identify and explain each type and include a clear and specific example that demonstrates your understanding. Your examples may come from this course, your own life, literature, or pop culture.

• friendship of utility

  • not necessarily about virtue but instead for own personal gains

  • example: Cleopatra and her using Julius Caesar and Mark Antony to secure her spot as ruler of Egpyt

  • dont last long, once the “uselessness” has faded

• Friendship of pleasure

  • rooted in shared enjoyment and pleasurable expereinces

  • example: hooby groups, sports teams, college friends

    • focus solely on plesure derived

  • dont last long

• friendship of virtue

  • according to aristotle: highest form of friendship

  • based on mutual respect, shared values, and bond that endures over time

  • involves genuine appreciation for each other and support in pursuing virtuous living

  • example:my childhood best friends and I, we have been together for a long time and endured through everything, always keeping the interests of the other in mind

suggests that all three friendships can be valuable but the friendship of virtue is the msot fulfilling becase its based on shared commitment to mutual well-being