QUIZ - Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Shivering: a. can restore temperature to normal but can never elevate temperature above 99°F; b. involves the involuntary contraction of only the arrector pili muscles; c. produces heat; d. activates the sebaceous glands

produces heat

Which of the following is least true of the epidermis? a. Is the thin outer layer of the skin; b. Sits on the subcutaneous layer; c. Is avascular; d. Contains the stratum germinativum and the stratum corneum

Sits on the subcutaneous layer

The subcutaneous layer: a. is composed of the stratum germinativum and stratum corneum; b. contains adipose tissue; c. cushions, binds, and insulates; d. two of the above

two of the above

The hypodermis: a. contains the stratum germinativum and stratum corneum; b. gives rise to the hair follicle; c. is also called the subcutaneous layer; d. is the cutaneous membrane

is also called the subcutaneous layer

This substance is produced by the skin and is necessary for the absorption of calcium from the digestive tract. a. Keratin; b. Vitamin D; c. Carotene; d. Collagen

Vitamin D

Hemorrhaging diminishes the amount of oxygenated blood delivered to the fingers and can cause the nails to appear: a. bluish; b. brittle; c. shiny; d. thickened

bluish

The use of a cooling blanket lowers body temperature through: a. radiation; b. convection; c. conduction; d. evaporation

conduction

Keratin is: a. found only in the hypodermis; b. carried to the stratum corneum by the dermal blood vessels; c. a protein that hardens and makes an epidermal cell water resistant; d. pigment that makes the skin dark when exposed to the sun

a protein that hardens and makes an epidermal cell water resistant

Which of the following occurs as a result of the secretion of fetal sebaceous glands? a. Amniotic fluid surrounds the fetus; b. The fetus is covered by vernix caseosa; c. The fetus raises its body temperature; d. Melanin is released and the fetus attains its natural skin color

The fetus is covered by vernix caseosa

The normal body temperature: a. is 96.8°F; b. is highest at 7 AM and gradually decreases over the 24 hours; c. is maintained through thermoregulatory mechanisms; d. is 40°C

is maintained through thermoregulatory mechanisms

Both the mammary glands and ceruminous glands: a. are sebaceous glands; b. are modified sweat glands; c. are concerned with temperature regulation; d. secrete earwax

are modified sweat glands

Freckles and moles are caused by an accumulation of: a. bilirubin; b. vernix caseosa; c. melanin; d. keratin

melanin

Which glands are most responsible for body odor? a. Apocrine; b. Arrector pili; c. Eccrine; d. Sebaceous

Apocrine

Which action is most likely to lower body temperature? a. Shivering; b. Vasoconstriction; c. Cyanosis; d. Vasodilation

Vasodilation

The color of skin that is supplied by oxygen-poor blood is described as: a. flushed; b. jaundiced; c. cyanotic; d. pink

cyanotic

Which of the following has the poorest prognosis (expected outcome)? a. Freckles; b. Vitiligo; c. Melanoma; d. Albinism

Melanoma

The name of the yellow pigment found in skin is: a. keratin; b. collagen; c. carotene; d. vitamin D

carotene

Which of the following is associated with the conservation of heat? a. The person appears flushed; b. The person sweats; c. Melanin is secreted; d. Blood vessels constrict

Blood vessels constrict

What is the name of the thickening of the epidermis that develops in response to constant pressure or irritation? a. Nevus; b. Vitiligo; c. Callus; d. Blister

Callus

The stratum corneum is: a. the outermost layer of the epidermis; b. an epidermal layer; c. nourished by blood vessels within the dermis; d. all is applicable

all is applicable

Perspiration can be classified as: a. sensible and insensible; b. active and passive; c. external and internal; d. shivering and nonshivering

sensible and insensible

Which of the following is least true of hyperthermia? a. Body temperature is elevated; b. The elevated temperature is due to the inability of the body to get rid of excess heat; c. Hyperthermia is most often due to infection; d. Hyperthermia does not respond to the antipyretic effect of aspirin

Hyperthermia is most often due to infection

Hives are called: a. impetigo; b. urticaria; c. psoriasis; d. vitiligo

urticaria

When exposed to the ultraviolet radiation of sunlight, melanocytes: a. create carotene; b. produce freckles; c. secrete more melanin; d. constrict the blood vessels

secrete more melanin

Brown fat is found in the fetus and neonate and is concerned with: a. regulation of thirst; b. urine production by the fetal kidney; c. nonshivering thermogenesis; d. regulation of fetal and neonatal blood glucose

regulation of fetal and neonatal blood glucose

Apocrine glands: a. become active at puberty; b. are exocrine glands; c. are found primarily in the axillary and genital areas; d. all is applicable

all is applicable

The hypothalamus: a. is the body’s thermostat; b. can be affected by pyrogens; c. is involved in thermoregulation; d. all is applicable

all is applicable

Ceruminous glands secrete: a. vernix caseosa; b. sweat; c. wax in the outer ear; d. melanin

wax in the outer ear

The stratum germinativum is: a. dead; b. mitotically active; c. found in the derma layer; d. located in the subcutaneous layer

mitotically active

Which gland is most likely to develop a blackhead or pimple? a. Sebaceous; b. Apocrine; c. Eccrine; d. Sudoriferous

Sebaceous

What is the effect of shivering? a. Increases heat production; b. Increases heat loss; c. Causes the blood vessels of the skin to dilate; d. Decreases sweating

Increases heat production

Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation? a. The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells; b. The elimination of heat as part of the thermoregulatory mechanism; c. The conservation of heat as part of the thermoregulatory mechanism; d. Tanning as a protective mechanism from ultraviolet radiation

The sloughing off by the stratum corneum of dead cells

Which of the following structures is avascular? a. Epidermis; b. Subcutaneous layer; c. Dermis; d. Underlying muscle

Epidermis

Poorly oxygenated blood has a blueish tinge and causes a condition known as: a. pallor; b. vitiligo; c. cyanosis; d. jaundice

cyanosis

Most heat loss is due to: a. the secretion of sweat; b. excretion of feces and urine; c. breathing; d. weather changes

the secretion of sweat

The hair follicle is: a. the part of the hair that is above the surface of the skin; b. composed of epithelial cells; c. composed of dead and keratinized cells; d. that which we brush, blow dry, curl, and iron

composed of epithelial cells

Drugs can be placed on the surface of the skin and absorbed __ to achieve a systemic effect. a. topically; b. transdermally; c. subcutaneously; d. intradermally

transdermally

Which of the following is least descriptive of the dermal layer? a. It is nourished by blood vessels in the epidermal layer; b. It sits on the subcutaneous layer; c. It supports the epidermis; d. It contains the cutaneous blood vessels, free nerve endings, tactile receptors, and arrector pili muscles

It is nourished by blood vessels in the epidermal layer

Which of the following is a consequence of a congenital absence of eccrine glands? a. Jaundice; b. Vitiligo; c. Acne vulgaris; d. Inability to regulate body temperature

Inability to regulate body temperature

Nonshivering thermogenesis is accomplished by: a. involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles; b. constriction of the dermal blood vessels; c. metabolism associated with brown fat; d. involuntary contraction of the arrector pili muscles

metabolism associated with brown fat

Sudoriferous glands: a. are sweat glands; b. participate in temperature regulation; c. include the eccrine and apocrine glands; d. all is applicable

all is applicable

Which of the following lies on the subcutaneous layer? a. Stratum corneum; b. Epidermis; c. Dermis; d. Stratum germinativum

Dermis

Which of the following is true of sebaceous glands? a. They are exocrine glands; b. They are primarily responsible for temperature regulation; c. They secrete melanin in response to ultraviolet radiation; d. They secrete vitamin D in response to ultraviolet radiation

They are exocrine glands

Eccrine glands: a. are sweat glands; b. secrete sebum; c. are active only after puberty; d. arise within the hypodermis

are sweat glands

Rectal temperature is: a. a measure of shell temperature; b. lower than oral and axillary temperatures; c. higher in the early morning than in late afternoon; d. a measurement of core temperature

a measurement of core temperature

Cutaneous means: a. pertaining to the hair; b. pertaining to the skin; c. pertaining to the fingernails; d. pertaining to the dermis

pertaining to the skin

Which of the following most accurately describes a person who has experienced heat loss as a result of moving from a warm room to the cold outdoors on a windy day? a. Heat has been lost through convection; b. Heat has been lost through conduction; c. Heat has been lost through evaporation; d. Heat has been lost through radiation

Heat has been lost through convection

Which of the following is true of the arrector pili muscles? a. They cause shivering; b. They are smooth muscles; c. They contract in response to heat and cause shivering; d. They make hair gray

They are smooth muscles

The layer of skin that contains the blood vessels that nourish the epidermis, sensory receptors, and glands is the: a. dermis; b. hypodermis; c. epidermis; d. stratum corneum

dermis

The term “avascular” means: a. without nerves; b. without blood vessels; c. having color; d. producing sebum

without blood vessels

The body loses most of its heat through: a. radiation; b. convection; c. evaporation; d. conduction

radiation

Which statement best describes the function of melanin? a. It waterproofs the skin; b. It provides nutrients to the dermis; c. It protects against ultraviolet radiation; d. It gives skin its elasticity

It protects against ultraviolet radiation

What layer of the skin provides insulation, padding, and energy storage? a. Epidermis; b. Dermis; c. Subcutaneous; d. Stratum corneum

Subcutaneous

Which type of gland secretes oil to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair? a. Sudoriferous; b. Sebaceous; c. Eccrine; d. Apocrine

Sebaceous

The body’s thermostat is located in the: a. pituitary gland; b. cerebrum; c. hypothalamus; d. medulla oblongata

hypothalamus

Which of the following describes “cyanosis”? a. Yellowing of the skin; b. Reddening of the skin; c. Bluish discoloration of the skin; d. Loss of pigmentation

Bluish discoloration of the skin

Which of the following describes the main function of the integumentary system? a. Temperature regulation; b. Protection; c. Sensory reception; d. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following glands responds to emotional stress and begins functioning at puberty? a. Sebaceous; b. Apocrine; c. Eccrine; d. Ceruminous

Apocrine

Which of the following statements best defines keratinization? a. The process by which epidermal cells die and harden; b. The secretion of sweat by eccrine glands; c. The conversion of sunlight into vitamin D; d. The growth of new dermal cells

The process by which epidermal cells die and harden

What causes “goose bumps”? a. Contraction of the arrector pili muscles; b. Activation of the apocrine glands; c. Dilation of dermal capillaries; d. Cooling of the sweat glands

Contraction of the arrector pili muscles

Which of the following contributes most to skin color? a. Carotene; b. Keratin; c. Melanin; d. Collagen

Melanin

What is the name of the layer that anchors the skin to the underlying structures? a. Epidermis; b. Dermis; c. Subcutaneous layer; d. Stratum germinativum

Subcutaneous layer

Which statement about eccrine glands is true? a. They play a role in temperature regulation; b. They secrete sebum; c. They open into hair follicles; d. They become active at puberty

They play a role in temperature regulation

Which pigment is responsible for the yellowish tint of some individuals’ skin? a. Melanin; b. Carotene; c. Collagen; d. Keratin

Carotene

Which layer of the skin contains collagen and elastin fibers that provide strength and elasticity? a. Epidermis; b. Dermis; c. Subcutaneous; d. Stratum corneum

Dermis

Which of the following is not a function of the skin? a. Sensory reception; b. Temperature regulation; c. Vitamin C synthesis; d. Excretion

Vitamin C synthesis

Which of the following statements about fingerprints is true? a. They are formed in the subcutaneous layer; b. They are caused by pigment deposits; c. They are determined by dermal papillae; d. They disappear after adolescence

They are determined by dermal papillae

Which vitamin is synthesized when the skin is exposed to sunlight? a. Vitamin A; b. Vitamin B; c. Vitamin C; d. Vitamin D

Vitamin D

Which of the following protects the body from ultraviolet radiation? a. Melanin; b. Carotene; c. Sebum; d. Keratin

Melanin

A burn that involves the epidermis and dermis and results in blisters is classified as: a. first-degree; b. second-degree; c. third-degree; d. superficial

second-degree

Which burn destroys both epidermis and dermis and may involve underlying tissues? a. First-degree; b. Second-degree; c. Third-degree; d. Partial-thickness

Third-degree

A severe burn covering more than 20% of the body surface may result in: a. dehydration; b. hypothermia; c. infection; d. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following best describes the structure of the hair shaft? a. Dead, keratinized cells; b. Living epidermal tissue; c. Dermal papillae; d. Elastic connective tissue

Dead, keratinized cells

Which of the following functions is performed by the integumentary system? a. Sensory reception; b. Protection; c. Excretion; d. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following best describes the function of sebum? a. Keeps hair and skin soft; b. Produces sweat; c. Produces melanin; d. Produces keratin

Keeps hair and skin soft

What is the most superficial layer of the skin? a. Epidermis; b. Dermis; c. Subcutaneous layer; d. Stratum basale

Epidermis

Which of the following skin conditions is caused by an allergic reaction and results in red, itchy welts? a. Psoriasis; b. Urticaria; c. Vitiligo; d. Eczema

Urticaria

What type of membrane is the skin? a. Mucous membrane; b. Serous membrane; c. Cutaneous membrane; d. Synovial membrane

Cutaneous membrane

Which of the following statements about body temperature regulation is true? a. Vasoconstriction helps to release heat; b. Vasodilation helps conserve heat; c. Sweating helps lower body temperature; d. Shivering helps increase heat loss

Sweating helps lower body temperature

Which pigment gives skin a yellow-orange color? a. Melanin; b. Carotene; c. Keratin; d. Hemoglobin

Carotene

Which of the following conditions is characterized by loss of skin pigmentation? a. Vitiligo; b. Cyanosis; c. Jaundice; d. Albinism

Vitiligo

Which structure is responsible for detecting pressure and touch in the skin? a. Arrector pili; b. Sebaceous gland; c. Sensory receptor; d. Keratinocyte

Sensory receptor

Which skin layer is composed primarily of connective tissue and contains blood vessels and nerves? a. Dermis; b. Epidermis; c. Stratum corneum; d. Subcutaneous

Dermis