Unit 7 Vocab

30 years war

religious war fought between kingdoms in the Holy Roman Empire.; led to independence for many Northern european nations.

95 Thesis

List written by Martin Luther about Catholic Church problems

Absolute Monarchy

Government where the king has absolute power

Anglican Church (Church of England)

denomination founded by Henry VIII

Calvinists

Christian Denomination founded by John Calvin; belief in predestination.

Capitalism

Economic theory that explains how private capital is invested to make more capital.

Catholic Reformation

Era when the Catholic Church leaders came together to fix corruption.

Council of Trent

A meeting of Catholic Church leaders meant to attack corruption

Deism

A belief that God exist but who's roll was to "get the ball rolling" and humans have more control of things.

Enlightenment

Era of W. European history when political thought was transformed.

Galileo Galilei

Florentine scientist who confirmed the work of Kepler and Copernicus' idea of Heliocentrism.

Heliocentrism

scientific theory that planets revolve around the sun; first major discovery of the Scientific Revolution.

Humanism

Intellectual movement in W. Europe that focused more on human potential and achievement as opposed to God.

Indulgence

Something the Catholic Church would sell you for forgiveness.

Isaac Newton

English mathematician who made discoveries about gravity, motion, and the universe.

Johann Gutenberg

German man who invented the European printing press.

John Locke

Enlightenment thinker who introduced the Natural Rights, humans should govern themselves, and people should rid themselves of governments that don't protect their rights.

Laissez-faire economics

Adam Smith's theory that the government should not interfere with the economy

Leonardo da Vinci

Artist, scientist, Renaissance man; renowned for his amazing art and inventions

Louis XIV

Absolute monarch of France; the "Sun King"; poster child for absolute monarch

Lutherans

Protestant denomination of Christianity based off teachings of Martin Luther

Martin Luther

The man who started the Protestant Reformation in 1517 when he posted the 95 Thesis on a church door

Montesquieu

Philosophe who believed that there should be a separation of powers; power is a check to power

Natural Rights

John Locke's idea of what all people deserve; life, liberty, and property

Niccolo Machiavelli

Florentine man who wrote "The Prince"; had an effect on politics in and after the Renaissance

Northern Renaissance

The later more religious version of the Renaissance

Parliamentary Monarchy

A monarchy where power is limited by a constitution or law making body like a parliament

Patrons of the arts

people who financially supported the artists of the Renaissance

Philosophes

The influential French thinkers of the Enlightenment; their ideas spark revolutions and form new governments

Predestination

The Calvinist idea that God has already predetermined who is saved

Protestant

the term for Christians that are not Catholics

Reformation

Era in European history when people break away from the Catholic Church; begins in 1517; started by Martin Luther

Renaissance

Era in European history when there is a rebirth of learning, art, and culture; begins in Italy

Scientific Revolution

Era in European history when people start questioning common knowledge and making scientific discoveries.

Secular

Worldly; not religous

Social contract

An idea of Thomas Hobbes; if people want peace then they must give up rights to a strong government

Spanish Armada

The largest navy in the world during this era

Treaty of Westphalia

the treaty that ended the 30 years war; it allowed more religious tolerance and granted independence to some Northern European countries

Voltaire

Philosophe who believed in freedom of speech and freedom of religion.