Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds Flashcards

Flashcards based on a lecture about amides and amines.

What is the functional group present in amides?

The amide group, CONH2.

What is the general formula of amides?

R-CO-NH2.

How are amides formed?

When carboxylic acids react with ammonia.

What happens to amides during acid hydrolysis?

They break down into a carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt.

In alkaline conditions, what products are formed from the hydrolysis of unsubstituted amides?

Ammonia gas (or ammonium hydroxide) and the salt of a carboxylic acid.

What are polyamides?

Larger molecules formed by the polymerization of amides, which are condensation polymers.

What are proteins?

Biological polyamides derived from amino acids.

Who discovered urea?

Doctor Friedrich Waller.

What is barbiturate drugs used for?

Serves as depressants, hypnotics, and to lower intracranial pressure.

What is the scientific name of Acetaminophen?

N para hydroxyphenylacetamide.

What does nicotinamide serve as a precursor substance of?

NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate).

What is the general formula for amines?

RNH2

What functional group characterizes amines?

The amino group (NH2).

What is a primary amine?

An amine where one hydrogen atom of ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group (RNH2).

What is a secondary amine?

An amine where two hydrogen atoms of ammonia have been replaced by two alkyl or aryl groups (R2NH).

What is a tertiary amine?

An amine where all three hydrogen atoms of ammonia have been replaced by three alkyl or aryl groups (R3N).

How are amines typically prepared?

Through the alkylation of ammonia or amines by reacting ammonia with alkyl halides.

What happens during the reduction of amides with lithium aluminum hydride?

Oxygen is removed, turning the amide into an amine.

Why are amines considered basic or alkaline?

Because they resemble ammonia in their reactions and produce hydroxyl ions in water.

What products result when an amine reacts with a strong acid?

An amine salt.

What is ampicillin used for?

A first-generation antibiotic used for the treatment of respiratory infections.

What is Novocaine used for?

A local anesthetic for minor operations or common surgical procedures.

What effect does Nicotine have on the nervous system?

Stimulates the nervous system and it is the addictive substance in smoking.

What is cocaine used for medicinally?

Surface anesthetic.

The common name for diazepam is?

Valium.

What does Fluoxetine treat in the brain?

Anxiety and depression through neurotransmitter serotonin.

What was Amphetamine initally used for?

Nasal decongestant.

What is pyridine used for?

Alcohol denaturant, dye, and solvent.

Aniline is an oily liquid obtained from?

Coal tar and reducing nitrobenzene.

Cadaverine products of which bacteria?

Vibrio proteus and Vibrio cholerae.