CISB 11 Module 3-4 Review Questions

What is a storage medium?

secondary storage, physical device that data is stored in long term

How many bytes are in a Kilobyte?

1000

How many bytes are in a Megabyte?

1,000,000

How many bytes are in a Gigabyte?

1,000,000,000

How many bytes are in a Terabyte?

1,000,000,000,000

What is the difference between secondary storage and memory (RAM)

programs and data are stored in secondary storage; operating systems copy these programs/ data into RAM for faster access and then are deleted when the program is closed

How do magnetic disks represent 0s and 1s?

the read/write head of the hard drive aligns the particles differently for each bit

How does the operating system organize data on the hard drive using tracks and sectors?

keeps track of track and sector number of where data is stored

What is the difference between a magnetic hard disk and a solid state hard drive?

hard disk uses magnetic particles; solid state drives use flash memory

What are the advantages and disadvantages of solid state hard drives compared to magnetic hard drives?

consume less power, quieter, last longer, faster, and generate less heat

What is a hard drive crash?

head crash, when a contaminant lands on the platter or the read/ write head touches the surface platter

What is cloud storage?

when data is stored on a remote storage device that is accessed via internet

What are some of the advantages of using cloud storage?

access to files from any device w/ internet access, sharing fuels over internet, data backup location, save physical storage space on device

How do CDs and DVDs represent 0s and 1s?

the reflected light on the disk represents the binary, land is a 1 and a pit (absence of light) is 0

What is the storage capacity of CDs?

650/ 700 MB

What is the storage capacity of DVDs?

4.7 GB, blue ray 25 GB

Define:

Hard drive partitioning

divide physical capacity of drive into areas called partition, each partition is treated as a separate drive; two operating systems can be put on computer with each drive

Cloud storage

an Internet service that provides storage to computer or mobile device users

Disk defragmentation

reorganizes the magnetic particles on the platter so that all the files related to a program are stored in the same area of the disk and all unused particles are grouped in the same areas on the disk.

RAID

Redundant array of independent disks; a group of two or more integrated hard drives

NAS

network attached storage; server that is placed on a network with the sole purpose of providing storage to users, computers, and devices attached to the network.

SAN

storage area network; high speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other attached servers

Magnetic tape

magnetically coated ribbon of plastic that is capable of storing large amounts of data and information at a low cost

Magnetic stripe card

card with a stripe that contains information identifying you and the card

Smart card

alternative to a magnetic stripe card that stores data on an integrated circuit embedded in the card

RFID tag

includes an antenna and a memory chip that contains the information to be transmitted via radio waves.

___________ storage is when data is stored on a remote storage device that is accessed via the Internet.

cloud

Dividing a physical hard drive into two separate logical drives so that a computer can have a separate operating system on each drive is called ___________.

Hard drive partitioning

______________ reorganizes the magnetic particles on the platter so that all the files related to a program are stored in the same area of the disk and all unused particles are grouped in the same areas on the disk.

Disk defragmentation

________ is a technology that uses two or more small hard drives working together to do the job of a larger drive.

RAID

Solid state hard drives use a technology called __________ to store and read data.

Flash memory

What is the difference between a NAS and a SAN?

NAS is a server connected to a network for storage, SAN is a whole separate network for storage

The process of dividing a hard disk into tracks and sectors is called ___________.

formatting

Magnetic hard drives have read/write heads that re_____

align particles on platters when saving data and reads the particles when retrieving data.

Magnetic hard drives contain trillions of small _______________ particles that are aligned one way or another to represent 0s and 1s.

magnetic

The particles mentioned in question #9 are located on hundreds of circular areas on each hard disk surface called ______________

Tracks

What is the primary purpose of an input device?

converts data that humans can understand (text, images, voice, etc.) into a form (0s and 1s) that the computer can process

What is the primary purpose of an output device?

converts machine language (0s and 1s) into a form that people can understand (text, images, audio, video)

Keyboards

input device that contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device.

Mouse

input device that contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a computer

Touchpad

A small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion

Trackball

stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side.

Touch screens

touch sensitive display device.

Electronic pen (also called a stylus)

Input device that looks like a small ink pen that you can use instead of a fingertip to enter data

Motion input

users can guide on screen elements using air gestures

Audio input

the process of entering any sound into the computer, such as speech, music, and sound effects.

Webcam

digital video camera that allows you to capture video and usually audio input for your computer or mobile device.

Optical scanners (flatbed or portable)

light sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can process.

Optical character recognition (OCR)

Devices that usually include a small optical scanner for reading characters and sophisticated software to analyze what is read

Optical mark readers (OMR)

Devices that read hand drawn marks, such as small circles or rectangles

Barcode readers

input device that uses laser beams to read bar codes

RFID readers

Radio frequency identification; technology that uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object

Magnetic stripe readers

Reading device that reads the magnetic stripe on the back of cards

Biometric readers (fingerprint, face, iris)

A device used to input biometric data, such as an individual's fingerprint, voice, iris, hand geometry, facial geometry, etc.

Screen resolution

the quality of the screen image. Resolution is measured by columns

and rows of pixels

Pixel

a very small area (dot) on the computer screen that displays a color

How do pixels create images?

When thousands of colored dots are arranged together, it creates an image on the monitor

What is the purpose of a graphic processing unit (GPU) that is built into a video card?

accelerates graphic rendering

What display characteristics does the video card determine?

Available screen resolutions, number of bits used to store color information for each pixel, total number of colors used to display images, number of monitors that can be connected, type of connectors that can be used to connect, their own memory (called video RAM or VRAM) to help in processing output

How do non impact printers form an image on a paper?

by grouping together hundreds of dots; some spray ink, while others use heat or pressure to create images.

How is the print resolution of printers measured?

DPI, dots per inch

How is printer speed measured?

PPM, paper per minute

What are the differences between laser and ink jet printers?

laser are more expensive and are faster and better quality; inkjet are cheaper and use liquid ink

Know the primary purposes of the other types of printers described in the book (and chapter notes)

3 D printers

create objects by adding material such as plastic, metal, ceramic, wood or glass to a three

Photo printers

used to print high quality photos

Label printers

print labels with adhesive material

Plotters

produce high quality drawings, blueprints and maps using a variety of paper sizes

Large format ink jet printers

print posters, signs and banners onto very wide paper, fabric and other types of materials.

Impact printers

print heads that strike ink against the paper.

What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?

requires any company with 15 or more employees to make reasonable attempts to accommodate the needs of physically challenged workers

What is assistive technology?

Hardware and/or software that enables disabled individuals to use a computer

Assistive technology input devices

Voice recognition, On screen touch keyboards, Braille keyboards, Head mounted pointers

Assistive technology output devices

Programs that display words, Programs that read the text, Braille printers