Urinary Elimination and Catheterization

Flashcards covering renal anatomy, urinary clinical measurements, common pathologies, catheter types, and diagnostic procedures based on the lecture transcript.

Micturate

A term used synonymously with urination and the process of emptying the renal system.

Kidneys

The starting point of the renal system that acts as filters for the body.

Ureters

The tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Bladder

A sac-like muscle that stretches as urine builds up and signals the brain when it needs to be emptied.

Urethra

The tube that transports urine from the bladder to the external genitalia; it is longer in males.

Erythropoietin

A substance secreted by the kidneys that acts on bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A lab value measured through blood that reflects how much fluid the glomerular nephrons are filtering.

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMT)

A panel of lab tests that includes electrolytes and renal studies used to identify conditions like renal failure.

$$30\,mL/hr$$

The minimum urine output requirement, known as the 'golden rule,' to ensure adequate renal perfusion.

Suprapubic Distension

A condition occurring in the lower abdomen below the belly button when the patient is holding urine or has not urinated.

Calcitrol

Also known as activated Vitamin D3, which the kidneys activate to allow for calcium absorption.

Polyuria

A condition characterized by excessive urination, often a trademark sign of diabetes.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

A common, noncancerous overgrowth of prostate tissue in aging men that can narrow the urethra.

Coude Catheter

A more rigid type of catheter used specifically to push through the narrowed urethra in patients with BPH.

Nocturnal Enuresis

The lack of voluntary urinary control resulting in wetting the bed at night.

Dysuria

Difficulty urinating, which may also involve pain.

Oliguria

Urine output that is less than $400\,mL$ in a $24$-hour period.

Anuria

Urine output that is less than $100\,mL$ in a $24$-hour period.

Hematuria

The presence of blood in the urine.

Pyuria

The presence of pus in the urine.

Urosepsis

A state of sepsis caused by a urinary tract infection (UTI).

KUB

A lower abdominal X-ray specifically used to visualize the Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder.

TURP

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate; a surgical procedure to remove a portion of the prostate for BPH patients.

Straight Catheter

A single-lumen 'in and out' catheter used temporarily to drain the bladder and then removed.

Indwelling Catheter

A double-lumen catheter that stays in the patient and is anchored by an inflated balloon.

Triple Lumen Catheter

A catheter used for patients requiring bladder irrigation, containing ports for a balloon, drainage, and irrigant.

Bifurcation

The point where the catheter tubing splits into different ports, such as the drainage bag line and the balloon port.

Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI)

A procedure using a triple lumen catheter and typically a $3\,L$ bag of normal saline to rinse the bladder.

Suprapubic Catheter

An alternative catheter inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the bladder.

Bladder Scanner

An ultrasound device used on the suprapubic area to approximate the total $mL$ of urine in the bladder.

$24$-Hour Urine Collection

A diagnostic procedure where the first void is discarded and all subsequent urine is collected for a full day and kept on ice.

Midstream Urine

A urine collection technique where the patient cleanses, begins their stream into the commode, and then collects urine mid-void.