Fermentation

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17 Terms

1
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when does fermentation occur

When oxygen is not present

anaerobic process

2
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why is fermentation considered inefficient

only produces 2 ATP from the glycolysis stage because it never goes through ETC

glucose is only partially broken down and most of its energy stays in its byproducts

3
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how many ATP molecules produced

2 ATP per glucose vs 36-38 ATP generated by aerobic respiration

4
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facultative anaerobes

single-celled organism that can survive in aerobic and anaerobic conditions

ex. yeasts

5
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when must fermentation be used

in anaerobic respiration, etc doesn’t work because theres no oxygen and the chain will be backed up

alternative method to oxidize NADH into NAD+ so glycolysis keeps running

6
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two types of fermentation

alcoholic fermentation

lactic acid fermentation

7
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alcoholic fermentation process

yeast convert pyruvate into ethanol when they run out of oxygen

8
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how does lactic acid fermentation cause cramps

lowers the pH of the muscle (more acidic) which makes the enzymes less efficient or inactive

reduces the muscle’s ability to contract

9
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lactic acid fermentation process

when oxygen returns to the muscles, lactate converts back to pyruvate

pyruvate will go into aerobic respiration

10
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foods produced by lactic acid fermentation

cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream, pickles, sauerkraut

11
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what type of fermentation does animals and bacteria use

lactic acid

12
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why is important that pyruvate is converted to lactic acid

this reaction regenerates NAD⁺

necessary for glycolysis to continue

13
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alcohol fermentation byproducts

ethanol and CO₂

14
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lactic acid fermentation byproducts

lactate

15
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which cellular respiration pathway is used in fermentation

glycolysis

16
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how is yogurt production an example of lactic acid fermentation

lactic acid bacteria break down the sugar (lactose) in milk, turning it into lactic acid

makes the milk more acidic, which causes the proteins in the milk to thicken

17
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is fermentation sustainable for human ATP needs

no, only produces 2 ATP

can provide quick energy in the absence of oxygen (during intense exercise), not enough for sustained, long-term activity