Drawing Food Webs, Energy Pyramids and Tracing Energy and Nutrients

Approximately what of energy reaches the outer what of the earth

Approximately 10²² J of energy reaches the outer ATMOSPHERE of the earth

most of the what that reaches the atmosphere is absorbed, scattered or what by either the atmosphere or the Earth’s surface

most of the SOLAR RADIATION that reaches the atmosphere is absorbed, scattered or REFLECTED by either the atmosphere or the Earth’s surface

Of the light that does reach the earth, only what% is converted to what through the process of what. The converted what is stored in the what and is measured as what - the total what of all of the organisms in that what

Of the light that does reach the earth, only 1% is converted to CHEMICAL ENERGY through the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS. The converted CHEMICAL ENERGY is stored in the TROPHIC LEVELS and is measured as BIOMASS - the total DRY WEIGHT of all of the organisms in that TROPHIC LEVEL

Once converted to what in the producers, only what% is passed to the next level what (and so on)

Once converted to CHEMICAL ENERGY in the producers, only 10-20% is passed to the next level CONSUMER (and so on)

The nutrients and energy passed to the eater is either what or what

The nutrients and energy passed to the eater is either STORED or USED/EXCRETED

Nutrients that are DIGESTIBLE may be:

1. Used for GROWTH (stored= converted to new biomass) - this includes the weight of new offspring

2. Converted to usable ENERGY (ATP) through cell RESPIRATION then consumed in cellular and organism activities (metabolic processes of the animal and to power its daily activity)

Nutrients that are not DIGESTIBLE will be what (cellulose in animals) as what

Nutrients that are not DIGESTIBLE will be EXCRETED (cellulose in animals) as WASTE

Pyramids of

ENERGY, BIOMASS and NUMBERS

The pyramids that are stacked bars represent the amount of what in each what

producers are at the what

The pyramids that are stacked bars represent the amount of ENERGY (or biomass) in each TROPHIC LEVEL

producers are at the BOTTOM

In pyramids of what the producer is the largest bar, with what% being converted to the next what

In pyramids of ENERGY the producer is the largest bar, with 10% being converted to the next TROPHIC LEVEL

energy is measured per unit area - J/m²/y

Pyramids of what are usually shaped the same way, however when the producer has a very what rate of what, the mass of the producer may be what than the what

Pyramids of BIOMASS are usually shaped the same way, however when the producer has a very HIGH rate of REPRODUCTION, the mass of the producer may be SMALLER than the PRIMARY CONSUMER

Pyramids of what may also be constructed, which may be various shapes depending on the producers in the what - one tree can support a # of primary + secondary consumers

Pyramids of NUMBERS may also be constructed, which may be various shapes depending on the producers in the ECOSYSTEMS - one tree can support a # of primary + secondary consumers