PHT 5216: Unit 1 — Compression Therapy

What does compression achieve in terms of hydrostatic pressure?

Compression raises interstitial hydrostatic pressure, reducing the gradient that drives fluid out of vessels, leading to better edema control.

When should compression therapy be considered?

Consider compression therapy for post-trauma/post-op edema, peripheral edema, lymphedema, systemic edema, DVT prophylaxis, and venous stasis ulcers.

What are the indications for using compression therapy?

Indications include post-op edema, lymphedema, systemic edema, and DVT prophylaxis.

What is the importance of assessing edema?

Assessment helps determine the location, presence of pitting, and can be measured through girth and circumferential measures.

What physiological effects does compression have?

Compression enhances cryotherapy effects, raises tissue hydrostatic pressure, and reduces bleeding.

What is the typical pressure range produced by elastic wraps?

Elastic wraps typically produce pressures around 40-50 mmHg.

What is the role of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression (IPC)?

IPC is used for post-op edema, venous insufficiency, lymphedema, and DVT prevention.

According to IPC guidelines, what pressure should be used for general edema?

For general edema, pressure should be greater than 30 mmHg to exceed capillary pressure.

What cycle duration is recommended for IPC treatment?

A common cycle for IPC is 1:1, 30-60 seconds on/off.

What features distinguish cold-compression systems?

Cold-compression systems combine the effects of cooling and compression for treating acute injuries.

What precautions should be taken before applying IPC?

Precautions include assessing for recent skin grafts, acute infections, and checking for impaired sensation.

What are the primary contraindications for using compression therapy?

Contraindications include acute pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, recent DVT, and uncontrolled hypertension.

What is assessed as part of outcome measures after treatment?

Outcome measures include edema, pain levels, ROM, and functional mobility.

What information is essential in documentation of compression therapy?

Documentation should include vital signs, limb position, pressure parameters, skin response, and outcome measures.

Which device is typically used for DVT prevention?

The IPC device is standard care for DVT prevention.

What are the side effects to monitor during compression therapy?

Monitor for new swelling, shortness of breath, and signs of numbness or tingling.

How can girth measurements contribute to edema assessment?

Girth measurements provide quantitative data to evaluate edema changes before and after treatment.

What temperature effects does compression have on post-op recovery?

Compression enhances cooling effects, leading to less pain, swelling, and blood loss post-operation.

What are some benefits of elastic wraps in acute care?

Elastic wraps provide compression and can be used to secure ice, facilitating cooling and edema control.

What is the typical pressure recommended for lymphedema treatment?

For lymphedema, pressures commonly range between 30–60 mmHg.

What should be recorded before an IPC session?

Record patient vitals such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.

What guidelines should be followed when applying IPC?

Follow guidelines for pressure settings based on the patient's DBP and assess limb condition.

What is a typical treatment goal for venous stasis ulcers?

Treatment goals may include promoting accelerated wound closure through appropriate compression protocols.

What documentation is required to evaluate IPC effectiveness?

Document girth changes, vital signs pre- and post-treatment, and the patient's response during therapy.

For how long should compression be applied in DVT prophylaxis?

Continuous application of IPC is advised in DVT prophylaxis settings, typically following an on/off cycle.

What considerations should be made regarding patient comfort during IPC?

Ensure that the compression settings are comfortable and check capillary refill frequently.

How should the practitioner respond to signs of potential complications during IPC?

The practitioner should stop the treatment and reassess if complications are suspected.

What effects does compression have on cryotherapy effectiveness?

Compression increases the effectiveness of cryotherapy, resulting in greater drops in tissue temperature.

What should patients be instructed about wearing elastic wraps during sleep?

Patients should be advised not to wear elastic wraps while sleeping.

How do elastic wraps differ in dosing control compared to IPC?

Dosing control in elastic wraps is low and variable; IPC offers high, device-controlled pressure accuracy.

What are the typical pressures used for acute injuries with IPC?

For acute injuries, gentle compression is recommended and high pressures should be avoided.

What should be included in post-treatment assessments after IPC?

Post-treatment assessments should include skin checks and girth measurements.

What is the aim of using circumferential girths in compression therapy documentation?

Circumferential girths ensure reproducibility of measurements for tracking edema changes.

What is indicated by a pitting edema scale?

A pitting scale indicates the presence of fluid retention, with indentation persisting after pressure.

What pressure is generally advised for lymphedema treatment sessions?

Lymphedema treatment sessions may use pressures around 30-60 mmHg.

What types of conditions would necessitate cautious use of compression therapy?

Conditions like recent skin grafts or acute infections require cautious application of compression.

What type of fabric is typically used for hygiene when applying IPC?

A stockinette is commonly used for hygienic purposes during IPC applications.

Why is it essential to evaluate limb position during IPC?

Limb position can impact the effectiveness of compression therapy and patient comfort.

What is the significance of monitoring bone landmarks in girth measurement?

Bone landmarks help standardize girth measurements for accurate tracking of edema.

What should you do if a patient experiences shortness of breath during IPC?

Call for medical assistance and assess for potential fluid overload or pulmonary embolism.

Which method is commonly used for DVT prevention in a hospital setting?

Sequential IPC is a standard method applied for DVT prevention in hospitals.

What does effective compression therapy aim to achieve?

Effective compression therapy aims to reduce edema, enhance circulation, and facilitate healing.

What anatomical locations are typically assessed for edema?

Assess anatomical locations include focal areas versus diffuse edema, along with joints for effusion.

In terms of compression applications, what does 'dosing control' refer to?

Dosing control refers to the precision and variability of the compression pressure applied.

What can be concluded about the varying pressures used in IPC for different conditions?

Different conditions may require distinct pressure levels in IPC to ensure safety and efficacy.

What effect does temperature have during the use of cold-compression systems?

Cold-compression systems are designed to simultaneously provide cooling effects alongside compression.

Why is it crucial to explain the purpose and risks of IPC to patients?

Patients should understand the treatment's purpose and potential risks to ensure informed consent.

In assessing success after compression therapy, what should be monitored post-treatment?

Post-treatment, monitor skin integrity, girth measurements, and patient comfort levels.

How should compression therapy be monitored for complications?

Monitor for signs of complications such as new swelling, numbness, or changes in sensation.

What features categorize lymphedema bandaging?

Lymphedema bandaging involves the use of multi-layer wraps and custom garments.

What factors are assessed during the limb examination prior to IPC?

The limb examination assesses previous medical history, sensation, and overall condition.

What is the essential parameter for setting the upper limit of IPC pressure?

The IPC pressure upper limit is often set just below the patient's diastolic blood pressure.

What is a common post-treatment intervention following IPC?

After IPC, patients may engage in therapeutic exercises and apply maintenance wraps.

What important measures should be taken with skin response documentation during therapy?

Document any skin reactions, integrity, and overall responsiveness as part of treatment evaluation.

What is the expected outcome for patients receiving compression therapy?

Expected outcomes include decreased edema, improved function, and enhanced recovery post-injury.

What dosage instructions are commonly given regarding elastic wraps?

Instructions often include using a '50% pull / 50% overlap' technique for application.

What type of fluid management strategy is most effective for cardiac-related edema?

Typically, medical management is the first line for systemic edema from cardiac issues.

What is the output measurement for assessing pain levels before and after therapy?

The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is commonly used to assess pain levels pre- and post-therapy.

What do you do if a patient exhibits dizziness after IPC treatment?

Assist the patient to sit or stand carefully and monitor for any signs of further complications.

Why is accurate girth measurement critical during edema assessment?

Accurate girth measurements are essential for tracking changes in fluid retention over time.

How often should lymphedema compression be applied?

Lymphedema compression therapy is generally recommended once daily for about 60 minutes.

What is the significance of a circumferential measurement in edema treatment?

Circumferential measurements provide a comprehensive understanding of fluid distribution.

Why is patient comfort important when applying compression therapy?

Ensuring patient comfort enhances adherence to treatment and reduces potential adverse effects.

In the context of lymphedema, what is an effective long-term treatment strategy?

Long-term management may include the use of specialized garments and regular therapy sessions.

What role does elevation play in compression therapy?

Elevation can enhance venous return and support fluid reduction during compression therapy.

How does IPC vary its application between different types of patients?

IPC application may be adjusted based on individual patient conditions, needs, and medical history.

What documentation would reflect a successful IPC session for edema management?

Documentation should show girth reductions, stable vitals, and positive patient feedback regarding comfort.

What is critical when determining the duration of IPC treatment?

Treatment duration often depends on the specific condition being treated and the patient’s tolerance.

When applying IPC, what should be monitored during the treatment?

Monitor patient comfort, vital signs, and any changes in limb condition throughout treatment.

What guidelines should be considered when re-applying an elastic wrap post-cooling?

Ensure proper wrapping technique and check for comfort following initial cooling or treatment.

What should be included in the skin check post-IPC treatment?

A skin check should assess for integrity, warmth, and any signs of irritation or breakdown.

In terms of patient education, what should be covered regarding compression therapy?

Educate patients on the importance of adherence, signs of complications, and care instructions for wraps.

How can healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of compression therapy over time?

Evaluate effectiveness through regular assessments of girth measurements and patient-reported outcomes.

What adjustments might be necessary for patients with varying degrees of edema?

Adjustments in compression pressure and duration may be needed based on edema severity and patient tolerance.

What is a crucial consideration before starting IPC therapy?

Assessing any contraindications or precautions specific to each patient is crucial before starting therapy.