Cell Structure Level 2 Biology

Cell Membrane

Surface layer that encloses a cell and controls the entry and exit of chemicals

Cell

Basic building block of an organism/s

Cell Nucleus

Structure in a cell that contains the genetic information which controls the genetic activity of the cell

Chloroplast

Structure in plant cells that contain chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis

Chlorophyll

Green pigment found in plants, which is essentail for photosynthesis

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like contents of a cell, exclused the nucleus

Cytoskeleton

Network of fibres that gives a cell its shape and ability to move

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of membranes extending throughout the cytoplasm of cells

Endoskeleton

Skeleton covered by soft body tissues

Flagellum

Long, whip-like projection that propells some cells

Glycolosis

First stage of respiration in cells which breaks glucose down to pyruvic acid; does not require oxygen

Golgi Body

System of folded membranes in the cell cytoplasm involved in producing and releasing secretions

Intracellular

Within a cell

Lyosome

membrane-bound sacs that contain dygestive enzymes

Excretion

Disposal of wastes from metabolism in cells

Concentration Gradiant

Difference in particle concentration between two regions

Aerobic respiration

Glucose is boken down in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and ATP

Anaerobic Respiration

Only requires glucose, no oxygen, and produces carbon dioxide and ethanol/lactic acid/pyruvate and few (2) ATP

Diffusion

Movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration