Reproductive Pharmacology- asynchronous

blood and other matter discharged from the uterus at menstruation

menses

menses is

time of menstruation

absence of menstruation

amenorrhea

movement of a mature egg from the ovary and through the fallopian tube

ovulation

during ovulation movement of a mature egg takes which path?

ovary to the fallopian tube

aggregation of ovarian cells that develop to release an oocyte

follicle

female egg that matures into an ovum

oocyte

cells that surround oocyte in the follicle

granulosa cells

granulosa cells release what three hormones

estrogen, progesterone, inhibin

outer later of cells in the follicle

theca cells

theca cells release?

androgen

androgen gets converted to?

estrogen

androgen is converted to estrogen by which cells

granulosa

what remains of the follicle after ovulation

corpus luteum

corpus luteum releases what three hormones

estrogen, progesterone, inhibin

GnRH is released by the?

hypothalamus

GnRH stimulates the release of?

FSH and LH

FSH and LH is released by

anterior pituitary

FSH works by stimulating the growth and development of follicles to do what?

release oocyte from the ovary

LH stimulates follicular (2)

maturation; ovulation

inhibin is released by

follciluar cells

inhibin inhibits the release of?

FSH

hcg is produced by (2)

embryo; placenta

hcg is produced after?

implantation

median length of the menstrual cycle

28 days

average age of menarche in the US

age 12

average age of menopause in the US

50

three phases of the menstrual cycle

follicular, ovulation, luteal

the cycling of reproductive hormones occurs in which three organs?

hypothalamus; pituitary gland; ovaries

progesterone is a __________________ feedback loop

negative

estrogen is a negative feedback loop at ___________________ levels and positive feedback loop at ____________ levels

low; high

follicular phase days

1-14

luteal phase days

15-28

menstrual phase days

1-5

proliferative phase days

6-14

what happens in the mestrual phase

endometrial shedding

in the proliferative phase what happens

endometrial thickening

secretory phase days

day 15-28

what happens in the secretory phase

endometrium prepares for implantation

the follicular phase is marked by the ___________ day of menses

first

in days 1-4 of the follicular phase these levels rise

FSH

what happens in days 5-7 of the follicular phase

one follicle dominates

in days 5-7 of the follicular phase- what happens

one follicle dominates

in days 5-7 of the follicular phase there is high amounts of what two hormones

estrogen; inhibin

when estrogen and inhibin and increased there is a decrease of ____________ which causes degradation of?

GnRH; other follicles

what three hormones are synthesized by follicles

estradiol; progesterone; androgen

stops menstrual flow and thickens uterine endometrial lining

estradiol

what kind of discharge does estradiol produce

thin watery

when ovulation occurs high estradiol levels cause a?

midcycle LH surge

in ovulation the LH surge causes follicular maturation, rupture, and release of?

oocyte

ovulation occurs how many hours after estradiol peak

24-36h

ovulation occurs how many hours after LH peak

10-16

main hormone in luteal phase

progesterone

important for maintaining the endometrial lining for the implanted embryo

progesterone

progesterone inhibits

GnRH and gonadatropin release

if conception does not occur the corpus luteum ______________________ and progesterone _______________________

degenerates; declines

when progesterone declines what happens?

endometrial shedding

once estrogen and progesterone are low what is stimulated?

FSH

if conception occurs hCG prevents regression of?

corpus luteum

hcg stimulates production of which two hormones?

estrogen; progesterone

fertilization occurs during a __ day window

6

fertilization begins ___ days before ovulation through the day of ovulation

5

most fertile day

day before ovulation

penile condom without STI protection

lamb cecum

you can NOT use oil based lubricant with what two condom types

latex; polyisoprene

vaginal condoms are made of

nitrile

vaginal condoms can be inserted up to ___ hours before intercourse

8

do vaginal condoms have STI protection

yes

what kind of lubricant can be used with vaginal condoms

any

active ingredient in vaginal spermicide

nonoxyl-9

does vaginal spermicide have protection against STI?

no

onset of action of semi solid dosage form of vaginal spermicide

immediate

solid dosage form of vaginal spermicide

10-15 mins

duration of action vaginal spermicide

1 hr

diaphragm, cervical cap and sponge and sti protection?

NONE

diaphragm, cervical cap and sponge- which does NOT need a prescription>

sponge

what hormone provides most of the contraceptive effect

progestin

diaphragm, cervical cap and sponge- how long must you keep in place after sex?

6 hours

progestin inhibits ovulation by?

blocking LH surge

progestin thickens cervical mucus to prevent

sperm penetration

stabilizes the endometrial lining and provides cycle control

estrogen

estrogen suppresses FSH release from the

pituitary gland

same amount of estrogen and progestin for 21 days and placebo for 7 days

monophasic

varying amount of estrogen and progestin (2 different doses)

biphasic

monophasic name

ogestrel

biphasic name

mircette

triphasic name

cyclessa

progestin only medication

micronor

most adverse effects of birth control spontaneously improve by ___ cycle use

3rd

realistic efficacy is based on ____________________ use

typical

fewer hormone free days contain how many active pills? how many placebo?

24-26; 2-4

fewer hormone free day birth control should be used if patient is having side effects from coming off of

hormones

extended cycle bc has how many active pills

84

continuous cycle contains only ___________________ pills; no __________________________

active; placebo

continuous cycle prevents dips in hormones if the patient is having side effects during?

placebo week

no estrogen, no placebo week

POPs

the transdermal patch contains (2)

progestin; estrogen

transdermal patch has a _____ percent exposure to estrogen than oral contraceptions

60

higher estrogen levels have an increased risk of ___________ events

VTE

vaginal ring contains (2)

progestin; estrogen