Exam1

Theory of animism

Good spirits brought health; evil spirits brought sickness and death.

Roles of nurse and physician in early civilizations

Separate and distinct: physician as medicine man; nurse as caring mother.

Ancient Greek civilization

Temples became center of medical care; nurses cared for the sick in the home and community; practiced as nurse-midwives.

Early Christian period nursing role

Nursing role becomes more formal and clearly defined; deaconesses made visits to the sick.

Crusades impact on nursing

Male and female nursing orders were founded during the Crusades.

16th century nursing challenges

Shift from a religious orientation to an emphasis on warfare, exploration, and expansion of knowledge; shortage of nurses led to recruitment of female criminals.

Nursing in the 19th to 20th Centuries

Social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general; nursing as we now know it began, based on many of the beliefs of Florence Nightingale.

Florence Nightingale's contributions

Challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses; established the first training school for nurses.

Hospital schools in nursing

Organized to provide more easily controlled and less expensive staff for the hospital.

Impact of World War II on nursing

Large numbers of women worked outside the home and became more independent and assertive; explosion in medicine and technology broadened the role of nurses.

Nursing in the 1950s to Present

Nursing broadened in all areas; efforts were directed at upgrading nursing education and practice in a wide variety of health care settings.

Definition of Nursing (ICN)

Promotion of health, prevention of illness, advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy, and education.

Definition of Nursing (ANA)

Social policy statement; patient is central focus of all definitions.

Dimensions of patient care in nursing

Includes physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of the patient.

Central focus of nursing care

The patient (person receiving care), which includes the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions.

Question about nursing roles

In the beginning of civilization, the role of the physician was carried out by the medicine man and the nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness.

Question about collaborative nursing care

What should be the central focus of nursing care for a patient following an MVA?

Patient-centered care

Care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values.

Teamwork and collaboration

Working together with other healthcare professionals to provide optimal patient care.

Quality improvement

Ongoing efforts to improve the quality of care and services provided.

Safety

Minimizing risks and harm to patients during the provision of healthcare.

Evidence-based practice

Integrating clinical expertise with the best available evidence from systematic research.

Informatics

Using information technology to manage and communicate health information.

Promote health

Encouraging healthy behaviors and lifestyles to enhance well-being.

Prevent illness

Taking measures to reduce the risk of disease and promote health.

Restore health

Facilitating recovery from illness or injury.

Facilitate coping with disability or death

Helping individuals manage the challenges associated with disability or end-of-life issues.

Cognitive skills

Skills involving critical thinking and decision-making in patient care.

Technical skills

Skills related to the manipulation of equipment and technology in healthcare.

Interpersonal skills

Skills that involve effective communication and relationship-building with patients.

Ethical/legal skills

Skills that guide nurses in conducting themselves morally and professionally.

Communicator

A role where the nurse shares information effectively with patients and healthcare teams.

Teacher

A role where the nurse educates patients about health and wellness.

Counselor

A role where the nurse provides guidance and support to patients.

Leader

A role where the nurse influences and guides others in the healthcare setting.

Researcher

A role where the nurse investigates and applies evidence to improve care.

Advocate

A role where the nurse supports and defends the rights and needs of patients.

Collaborator

A role where the nurse works with others to achieve common goals in patient care.

Health Literacy

The ability of individuals to obtain, process, and understand basic health information.

Healthy People 2030 Health Promotion Guidelines

A set of objectives aimed at improving health and well-being for all.

Preventing Illness

Strategies aimed at reducing the risk of illness and promoting good health habits.

Restoring Health

Actions taken to focus on the person with an illness and support their recovery.

Facilitating Coping With Disability and Death

Supporting individuals in managing their strengths and challenges related to disability or end-of-life.

Nursing as a Professional Discipline

Well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge

Professional Formation

Nursing educators have a responsibility to form the professional identities of their students and graduates; teaching not only how to do nursing, but how to be a nurse

Educational Preparation for Nursing Practice

Practical and vocational nursing education

Professional Nursing Organizations

International Nursing Organization (ICN)

Nurse Practice Acts

Define legal scope of nursing practice

Guidelines for Nursing Practice

Standards of Nursing Practice

Rationale for Nurse Practice Acts

Nurse practice acts regulate the practice of nursing, including education and licensure.

Thoughtful, Person-Centered Practice

Framework for formation in professional nursing practice: Personal attributes, knowledge base, and clinical experience, which culminates in your development of blended and QSEN competencies and growing confidence.

Clinical reasoning, judgment, and decision-making skills

Skills essential for effective nursing practice.

Patient-centered nurse process competencies

Competencies in assessing, diagnosing/problem identification, planning, implementing, and evaluating.

Reflective practice

Ability to routinely engage in reflective practice leading to personal learning and improvement.

Changing demographics and increasing diversity

Trend in nursing education reflecting the evolving population characteristics.

The technologic explosion

Rapid advancements in technology impacting nursing education and practice.

Globalization of the world's economy and society

Trend affecting nursing education through interconnected global health issues.

The era of the educated consumer

Trend highlighting the informed patient who seeks alternative therapies, genomic and palliative care.

Population-based care

Shift towards managing health care for populations rather than individuals.

The cost of health care

Challenge of managed care and its impact on nursing education and practice.

Impact of health policy and regulation

Influence of legislation and policy on nursing education and practice.

Interdisciplinary education and collaborative practice

Growing need for teamwork across various health disciplines in nursing education.

Current nursing shortage

Opportunities for lifelong learning and workforce development in response to the shortage.

Advances in nursing science and research

Significant developments that enhance nursing practice and education.

Self-Care

The nurse owes the same duties to self as to others, including the responsibility to promote health and safety, preserve wholeness of character and integrity, maintain competence, and continue personal and professional growth.

Health nurse definition by ANA

A health nurse actively focuses on creating and maintaining a balance and synergy of physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, personal, and professional well-being.

Signs of Fatigue in Nursing Profession

Includes compassion fatigue, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress.

Resilience

An individual's aptitude for overcoming an adverse life circumstance with a hopeful attitude.

Healthy internal coping mechanisms

Strategies individuals use to manage stress and adversity.

External resources for resilience

Supportive work environments, mindfulness-based stress reduction training, and assertive communication skills training.

Promotion of health and wellness

Activities aimed at improving health and preventing illness.

Promotion of safety and quality of care

Ensuring that health care practices meet standards to protect patients.

Care, self-care processes, and care coordination

Methods to manage and provide care effectively for individuals.

Physical, emotional, and spiritual comfort, discomfort, and pain

Addressing the various dimensions of patient well-being.

Adaptation to physiologic and pathophysiologic processes

Adjusting to bodily changes due to health conditions.

Emotions related to the experience of birth, growth and development, health, illness, disease, and death

Feelings that arise during significant life events and health experiences.

Meanings ascribed to health, illness, and other concepts

Interpretations and significance given to health-related terms.

Linguistic and cultural sensitivity

Awareness and respect for diverse languages and cultures in health care.

Decision making and the ability to make choices

The process of making informed choices regarding health care.

Relationships, role performance, and change processes within relationships

Dynamics of interactions and roles in health care settings.

Social policies and their effects on health

How laws and regulations impact health outcomes.

Health care systems and their relationships to access, cost, and quality of health care

The connection between health care delivery and its accessibility and affordability.

The environment and the prevention of disease and injury

How environmental factors contribute to health and safety.

Traditional knowledge

Knowledge passed down through generations.

Authoritative knowledge

Knowledge accepted as truth based on perceived expertise.

Scientific knowledge

Knowledge obtained through the scientific method.

Nightingale influences

Contributions by Florence Nightingale to nursing practice and education.

Theory

A group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality.

Concepts

Abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality.

Conceptual framework or model

A group of concepts that follow an understandable pattern.

Deductive reasoning

Examines general ideas and considers specific actions or ideas.

Inductive reasoning

Builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas.

General systems theory

A theory for universal application that breaks whole things into parts.

Adaptation theory

Adjustment of living matter to other living things and environment.

Developmental theory

Orderly and predictable growth and development from conception to death.

Goal of Theoretical Frameworks

Holistic patient care and individualized care to meet patient needs.

Common Concepts in Nursing Theories

The person (patient), the environment, health, and nursing.

The Most Important Concept of Nursing Theory

The person receiving the care.

Scientific inquiry

Process that uses observable and verifiable information (data), collected in a systemic manner, to describe, explain, or predict events.

Goals of research

Develop explanations (in theories) and find solutions to problems.