Chapter 1 - Preparation for Patient Care Activities (Video)

Flashcards covering key concepts from the video on preparation for patient care activities, including roles, collaboration, orientation, consent, cultural considerations, HIPAA, patient management, communication, and common scenarios.

What is a caregiver?

Anyone who works with a patient (nurse, therapist, doctor, technologists, aide, family member, case worker, etc.).

Who is the patient?

The person who receives treatment from a caregiver.

What does treatment mean in this context?

Procedures and techniques implemented for a patient by the caregiver; synonymous with intervention.

Can standard procedures be modified?

Yes; procedures can be modified or adapted to individual patient needs.

What is ALWAYS a priority in care?

Safety for the patient and the caregiver.

What is the caregiver’s responsibility in guiding a patient?

To guide, direct, or instruct how to complete a task using demonstration, verbal, written, or tactile instruction.

When should the therapist complete a task for a patient?

Only if the patient is unable to assist.

What is the goal of therapy regarding independence?

To teach the patient how to complete tasks independently, not to do them for the patient.

What three elements should be explained about each activity to the patient?

Purpose, expected outcome, and method of performance.

What must be in place before a patient attempts an activity?

Sufficient personnel and equipment.

What three factors contribute to quality outcomes?

Attention to the examination/evaluation, patient safety, and communication among all caregivers and the patient.

What is interprofessional collaboration?

A team of caregivers from different professions who review a patient’s condition, discuss options, and make decisions; patient-centered.

What is intraprofessional collaboration?

Communication between professionals within the same profession that work together to provide optimal care, which can include co-treatments.

Who might be part of an interprofessional team?

Doctors, nurses, therapists (PT, OT, SLP), case managers, radiologists, etc.

What is orientation prior to treatment?

A comprehensive review of the patient’s medical record before offering treatment.

What information should you review before treatment?

Physician orders, past and current medical history, physical findings, diagnosis, test results, nursing notes, medications, prior functional status, and consultation notes.

How should you confirm patient identity?

Using at least 2 patient identifiers (name, birthdate, etc.).

What should you ask about at the start regarding personal information?

How the patient wants to be addressed and their preferred pronouns.

What should you interview the patient about?

Their personal goals for therapy and to explain the plan for treatment (risks, goals, outcomes).

What should you assess during examination?

The patient’s capabilities, condition, problems, needs, and goals.

What should be established with the patient’s input?

Treatment goals and functional outcomes.

For each technique, what three elements should you explain?

Purpose, expected outcome, and method of performance.

What should you encourage the patient to do?

Ask questions.

For an interdisciplinary approach in an acute care patient with pain, who might be involved?

Doctors, nurses, PT, OT, SLP, case managers, etc.

What could an interdisciplinary discussion include to benefit the patient?

Plan of care, progress, pain management, safety, and goals.

How should you communicate to encourage participation?

Acknowledge pain, explain benefits, and set small, achievable goals.

Why is cultural diversity important in patient care?

To show respect for differences, avoid biases, and tailor care; research patient norms.

Give examples of religious norms that may affect care.

Beliefs such as no blood transfusions, fasting practices, or herbal remedies; spiritual healing beliefs.

Give examples of cultural norms you may encounter.

Family members present for treatments; cultural preferences in decision-making and communication.

What is HIPAA?

A federal law (1996) to protect health care–related information.

What is the Privacy Rule under HIPAA?

Protects all individually identifiable health information held or transmitted by a covered entity or its business associate.

What is Protected Health Information (PHI)?

Individually identifiable health information.

What rights do patients have under HIPAA?

The right to their health information and control over how it is used by caregivers.

What are advanced health care directives?

Living Will and Power of Attorney (Health Care Proxy)진.

What is a Living Will?

Instructions about health care actions when incapacitated; may specify organ donation; requires two physicians to verify incapacity.

What is Power of Attorney/Health Care Proxy?

Designates a person to make decisions when the patient cannot; has the same rights to request/refuse treatments; requires verification of incapacity.

What is the big difference between a Living Will and a Power of Attorney?

A living will has predetermined decisions; a Power of Attorney makes real-time decisions.

What is informed consent?

Caregivers inform patients about proposed treatment, alternatives, and known risks; patient consents or rejects.

What is important about language in informed consent?

Use easy-to-understand language; use a translator if needed.

What should be documented in informed consent?

That the process was performed in accordance with written policies; patient signs indicating consent.

What is differential diagnosis?

A systematic approach to compare and contrast symptoms to distinguish one illness from another.

What is the PTA’s role when the PT has a Doctorate?

PTA should develop strong communication and assessment skills to collaborate with the PT for effective care.

What should you consider in the shoulder case scenario?

Possible diagnoses include rotator cuff tear, cervical disc issues, heart attack, labral tear, or muscle strain; require thorough interview and testing.

What are the stages of the Patient Management Process?

Examination, Evaluation, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Intervention, Outcome.

What is Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)?

The use of the most current and valid research to guide clinical decision making and ensure high-quality care.

What are the two main kinds of communication?

Verbal and Nonverbal (with attentive listening as a key skill).

What factors influence verbal communication?

Clear language for patients, avoiding medical jargon; consider tone, speed, and volume; maintain eye contact.

What constitutes nonverbal communication?

Facial expressions, posture, gestures, body movements, touch; can be planned or spontaneous and can indicate pain or distress.

What is appropriate touch in therapy?

Therapeutic, caring, or directive touch; avoid inappropriate touch such as pats on the buttocks or squeezing thighs.

What is Attentive Listening?

Listening for the main theme, observing nonverbal cues, and providing clarifying questions or feedback.

What are common barriers to communication?

Noisy environments, too much distance, distractions, medical jargon, equipment/setup, time constraints, lack of eye contact, illiteracy, cultural differences.

How should you interact with a person with an impairment?

Use people-first language; interact directly; greet with respect; get at eye level; avoid patronizing remarks; use tactile or visual cues as needed.

How should you communicate with visually impaired individuals?

Do not raise your voice; use tactile cues to guide; speak clearly and at a comfortable pace.

How should you communicate with someone who is hard of hearing?

Get in front of them to facilitate lip reading; speak slowly and clearly; sign language can be used.

How should you respond if you say something inappropriate to a person with impairment?

Acknowledge the slip, apologize, correct the phrasing, and continue respectfully.