B3

What are the five main parts of the brain?

cerebrum

hypothalamus

cerebellum

pituitary gland

medulla

cerebrum

personality and level of intelligence

hypothalamus

regulating temperature and water

cerebellum

choosing actions

pituitary gland

release hormones

medulla

blood pressure, heart and breathing rate

What are the five main parts of the eye?

iris

cornea

lens

retina

optic nerve

iris

controls the amount of light entering the eye by relaxing and contracting

cornea

focuses light to the retina by refracting

lens

refracts the light more

retina

light sensitive layer containing receptors

optic nerve

carries the messages of impulses from the brain and the eye

What are the three main eye defects?

colour blindness

myopia (lens too curved)

hyperopia (lens too flat)

What are the three types of neurons?

relay neurone

sensory neurone

motor neurone

sensory neurone

recognises the stimulus

motor neurone

takes the impulse to the effector

relay neurone

takes the information between neurones

What is a synapse?

the connector between the receptors

What is the CNS?

The spinal cord and brain

What is a receptor?

find the stimulus

What is an effector?

creates a response

What are the six main contraceptive methods?

the implant

barrier

the pill

abstinence

surgical methods

copper intrauterine device

What are the secondary characteristics at puberty?

Ovaries which produce oestrogen and testes which produce testosterone

What does the thyroid gland do?

controls the metabolic rate and is part of a feedback loop

What do the adrenal glands do?

releases adrenaline which triggers a fight or flight response which can cause breath and heart rate to increase

What are the process of IVF?

FSH is used to release oestrogen from a mature egg which is then fertilised and injected into a mothers uterus

What are the stages of the menstrual cycle?

FSH matures an egg whilst progesterone and oestrogen maintains the lining of the uterus

LH is then released which causes the egg to be released

What are the three main plant hormones?

auxins

gibberellins

ethene

What does auxins do?

promotes tissue and root growth

What do gibberellins do?

starts flowering and germination

What does ethene do?

helps fruits to ripen

phototropism

response to light

gravitropism

response to gravity

What happens when body temperature is too high?

glucose turns into glucagon

vasodilation

What happens when the body temperature is too low?

hairs stand up

shivering

What is blood glucose levels controlled by?

pancreas

What happens when the blood glucose levels are too high?

insulin is released and glucose is turned into glycogen

What happens when the blood glucose levels are too low?

glucagon is released and glycogen is turned into glucose

What is type 1 diabetes?

the pancreas cannot create insulin so insulin injections are needed

What is type 2 diabetes?

the cells cannot respond to insulin but can be combated with a healthy lifestyle

What happens when the bloods water concentration decreases?

the cell shrinks

What happens when the bloods water concentration increases?

the cell can burst

What is the function of the kidney?

to filter the blood

What is excreted from the kidney?

amino acids which are converted into urea

What does the kidney act on?

ADH is released by the pituitary gland because of low water levels and allows more to be absorbed

How does the kidney promote water loss?

sweating

salt loss

being more thirsty