Principles of Biology: Molecules and Cells module 3 Macromolecules Carbohydrates

Connect the chemical properties of the macromolecules to their structure, describe macromolecule polymers in terms of hydrophilic or hydrophobic, define products and reactants of hydrophilic or hydrophobic, identify the b and that forms between monomers to create polymers, connect macromolecule structures to examples and their functions

How many covalent bonds can carbon form

4

How are polymers built

Through linking monomers

What are monomers

small, similar, chemical subunits

What is dehydration synthesis (condensation)

a chemical reaction where a water molecule is released during the formation of a covalent bond where OH and H is removed.

How are water molecules formed during condensation?

water molecules are formed as biomolecules are synthesized

What is hydrolysis reaction

splitting of a chemical bond by the addition of a water with the H going to one sub unit and the OH going to the other

How is water incorporated in hydrolysis reaction

water is used to break down biomoleculees

What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in a carbohydrate

1:2:1

What kind of bond does carbon and hydrogen form

a non polar covalent bond

what kind of bond connects monosaccharides

glycosidic bonds

what does the arrow indicate in chemical reactions

the arrow indicates a chemical reaction is occurring

what happens during a chemical reaction

new bonds are formed and old bonds are broken, electrons are transferred and energy is required or released

what are monosaccharides

only one sugar molecule with a carbon backbone of 3-7 carbons

What are pentose sugars

monosaccharides with 5 carbons

what are hexoses

monosaccharides with 6 carbons

what is glucose

a hexose critical yo biological function and a major source of cellular fuel for all living organism

How is glucose connected to energy

it is the molecule that Is broken down and converted ti stored chemical energy (ATP) during cellular resperiation

what are disaccharides

2 monosaccharides that have joined together during dehydration synthesis w

what are disaccharides used for

sugar transport or energy storage

what are polysaccharides

long chains of monosaccharides aka complex carbons

what are the major functions of polysaccharides

energy storage (plants use starch animals use glycogen) and structural support (cellulose in plants chitin in arthropods and fungi)

What does the chemical properties of carbohydrates determine

determine the structure

what makes cellulose strong

additional h bonds pack the straight chains of glucose together tightly