skin disorders and diseases chapter 4

Acne

A common skin condition characterized by the presence of pimples, blackheads, and cysts, often resulting from clogged hair follicles due to excess oil and dead skin cells.

Albinism

A genetic condition that results in a lack of melanin production, leading to lighter skin, hair, and eyes, and increased sensitivity to sunlight.

Allergic contact with dermatitis

A skin reaction resulting from exposure to allergens, causing redness, itching, and inflammation.

anaerobic

bacteria that thrive in environments without oxygen, often associated with infections like acne.

Anhidrosis

A condition characterized by the inability to sweat normally, which can lead to overheating and heat-related illnesses.

basal cell carcinoma

A type of skin cancer that originates in the basal cells of the epidermis, often caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight. It typically appears as a small, shiny bump or a sore that doesn't heal.

bromhidrosis

A condition characterized by excessive body odor due to bacterial breakdown of sweat. It can affect various areas of the body, particularly the armpits and feet.

bulla

A fluid-filled blister that is larger than a vesicle, typically measuring over 0.5 cm in diameter. Bullae can form due to friction, burns, or certain skin conditions.

chloasma

A skin condition characterized by brown or gray-brown patches, often occurring on the face. It is commonly associated with hormonal changes, such as those during pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives. sun exposure or age

cicatrix

A scar that forms after the healing of a wound, characterized by fibrous tissue replacing normal skin.

conjunctivitis

An inflammation of the conjunctiva, often caused by infections, allergies, or irritants. Symptoms include redness, itching, and discharge from the eye.

contact dermatitis

A skin reaction resulting from direct contact with irritants or allergens, leading to redness, itching, and inflammation.

crust

A dry, rough protective layer that forms over a healing wound or lesion, often made up of dried blood, pus, or other fluids.

cyst

A closed sac-like structure filled with fluid, semi-solid material, or air, that can form in various tissues of the body. Cysts can be benign or may require medical attention if they become infected or cause discomfort.

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, swelling, and itching. It can be caused by various factors including allergens, irritants, or underlying health conditions.

eczema

A chronic skin condition that causes red, itchy, and inflamed patches. Eczema can be triggered by environmental factors, allergens, or stress.

epidermoid cyst

A type of cyst that forms from the epidermis, often containing keratin and appearing as a small, round lump under the skin.

excoriation

The act of scratching or damaging the skin, often resulting in raw, inflamed areas. This condition can be caused by various factors, including skin disorders or psychological conditions.

extrinisic factors

External influences that can trigger skin conditions, including allergens, irritants, and environmental stressors.

fissure

A narrow, linear crack or break in the skin that can be painful and may occur due to dryness or other skin disorders.

free radicals

Unstable molecules that can damage skin cells and contribute to aging and various skin disorders.

herpes simplex I

A viral infection that causes cold sores or fever blisters, typically around the mouth and lips.

hyperhidrosis

A condition characterized by excessive sweating beyond what is necessary for temperature regulation.

hyperpigmentation

A skin condition characterized by darkened patches or spots due to an excess production of melanin, often caused by sun exposure, hormonal changes, or inflammation.

hypertrophy

An increase in the size of an organ or tissue through the enlargement of its cells, often resulting from exercise or medical conditions.

hypoppigmentation

A skin condition marked by lighter patches or reduced color due to decreased melanin production, often resulting from injury, inflammation, or certain skin disorders.

impetigo

A highly contagious bacterial skin infection that causes red sores, typically around the nose and mouth, and can spread to other areas of the body.

intrinsic contact dermatitis

A type of eczema caused by exposure to irritants or allergens that affect the skin's natural barrier, leading to inflammation and rash.

keratoma

A benign skin tumor that arises from keratinocytes, often appearing as a raised, scaly lesion on the skin.

lentigines

Small, pigmented spots on the skin, often referred to as age spots or liver spots, caused by sun exposure.

lentigines

are small, flat, brown spots that develop on sun-exposed areas of the skin as a result of increased melanin production.

lesions

abnormal areas of tissue that may be damaged or diseased, appearing as spots, bumps, or other irregularities on the skin.

leukoderma

a skin condition characterized by patches of skin that are lighter than the surrounding areas, often due to loss of melanin.

macule

flat spot or skin discoloration such as a freckle or liver liver age spot

malignant melanoma

most serious form of skin cancer often black or brown patches that are uneven jagged or raised

melasma

brown or gray patches on cheeks jawline forehead and upper lip due to hormonal imbalances such as pregnancy or birth control

mila

protein filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis with no visible opening

militia rubra

prickly heat /small inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles accompanied by burning and itches

mole

small spot or blemish on the skin ranging in color from pale tan or brown or black

nervus

birthmark malfunction of the skin due to irregular pigmentation or dilated capillaries

nodules

solid bump on the skin larger then 0.4 inch that can be easily felt

noncomedogenic

product that has been designed and proven to no clog the follicles

papule

small skin elevation that’s contains no fluid but contains may develop pus

primary lesions

physical changes in the skin considered to be caused directly by the disease process

psoriasis

a skin disease marked by red, itchy, scaly patches.

pustule

a small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus.

retention hyperkeratosis

Skin cells that don't shed properly from your skin's surface, causing acne.

rosacea

a long-term inflammatory skin condition that causes reddened skin and a rash, usually on the nose and cheeks

scale

Scales are a visible peeling or flaking of outer skin layers. These layers are called the stratum corneum.

scar

A scar is the body's natural way of healing and replacing lost or damaged skin. A scar is usually composed of fibrous tissue.

sebaceous cyst

Typically harmless, slow-growing bumps under the skin. They often appear on the scalp, face, ears, trunk, back, or groin area. They are sometimes called epidermal inclusion cysts.

seborrheic dermatitis

a common, noncontagious, easy-to-manage skin condition. This type of dermatitis causes itchy red patches and greasy scales on your skin along with white or yellow crusty or powdery flakes on your scalp.

secondary skin lesions

Secondary lesions are those lesions that are characteristically brought about by modification of the primary lesion either by the individual with the lesion or through the natural evolution of the lesion in the environment.

sensitization

the regulatory endpoint aiming at the identification of chemicals able to elicit an allergic response in susceptible individuals.

skin tag

A common benign (not cancer) skin growth that appears as a small, raised, brown or skin-colored bump that may have a short, narrow stalk.

squamous cell carcinoma

a firm red bump, a scaly red patch, an open sore, or a wart that may crust or bleed easily.

stain

Hyperpigmentation occurs when the body produces an excess of melanin in certain areas of the skin.

tan

a browning of the skin especially by exposure to sun.

telangiectasia

Telangiectasias (spider veins) are small, widened blood vessels on the skin. They are usually harmless, but may be associated with several diseases.

tubercle

closed irregular developed sac contains pus in or above the kin that can not be drained

tumor

any typer of irregularly mass carrying in size in size, shape, color

ulcer

is an open sore or lesion on the body that is slow to heal or keeps returning.

verruca

Warts or verruca are skin growths caused by an infection with humanpallilloma virus or HPV.

vesicle

blister containing clear fluid lying within the skin or just beneath the epidermis

vitiligo

Vitiligo is a chronic (long-lasting) autoimmune disorder that causes patches of skin to lose pigment or color

wheal

a patch on the skin that is elevated, discolored, changes shape, and often itches.