Thrust PPL stage 2 misc

things that are easy to forget

airspeed limitations FAR/AIM

91.117

do we need an engine to fly? where do you find proof?

yes, in the TCDS (not the POH, not the FAR/AIM)

speed limit below the bravo

200

speed limit in VFR corridors in the Bravo

200

how are VFR corridors depicted on sectionals?

red arrows

speed limit within 4nm of Charlie or Delta airspace

200

Charlie/Delta equipment requirements

2 way radio coms

mode C transponder, ASDB out

equipment requirement for over 10,000ft MSL

mode c transponder, ADSB Out, two way radio

min visibility/cloud requirements for over E, G over 10,000

1,000ft up and down, 1sm to the sides, 5sm visibility

golf at night below 1200AGL airspace

3152 (all night time is 3152)

what equipment do you need to enter a TRSA (terminal radar service area)?

none!

what do you need to cross ADIZ

unique squak code, permission of controlling agency, DVFR flight plan

what’s an LRU?

line replacable unit, for the G1000, instead of having to replace entire thing, you can replace individual things

what kind of autopilot do we have?

2 axis, GFC 700 (just the name)

can a student pilot do preventative maintenance?

no, as written in 43.3(g)

what do you need to log for preventative maintenance?

log date, sign name, type of work, how long it took, your pilot cert number

define adverse yaw

in a turn, high wing moves faster, causing induced drag out of the turn (nose goes opposite direction)

why do we have an overbanking tendency?

high wing creates more lift in a turn, causing aircraft to bank more steeply, increasing horizontal component of lift, and decreasing vertical

class golf on top of a mountain, above 10,000MSL, and you are only 500ft above ground. What’s your cloud clearance?

G under 1200AGL (so 1 sm visibility and CoC)

do we have a magnetic compass in our plane?

no—we use magnetometers

static vs dynamic stability

dynamic—aircraft’s response overtime

static—initial tendency of aircraft to return to equilibrium

the magnetometers criss cross, so if your G5 fails, the left or right magnetometer is out?

the right

attitude indicator works via the

accelerometers

are controlled firing areas depicted on sectionals

no! because they will see you first and stop firing

explain MCPRAWNS

MOA

Controlled firing area

Prohibited area (no you can’t go in)
Restricted (need a prior approval)

Alert

Warning

National Security Area

Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA)

give an example of warning area

usually 3nm off of any shore

how far out does the ADIZ begin?

usually 12nm off the coast

How do you get a clearance to go in a warning area?

file a DVFR plan (Defense VFR)

What altitude does FAA recommend oxygen? day and night, and what AIM?

5,000 night

10,000 day

AIM 8-1-2

Can you fly through a national security area?

yes, but it's requested that you don’t

give examples of special flight rules areas (SFRAs)

Washington, DC, and the grand canyon.

Grand Canyon because of crashes due to lack of regulation

DC requires a class

define calibrated airspeed

indicated corrected for installation and position errors

are airspeed errors more pronounced at fast or slower speeds?

slow (less airspeed pushed into static port)

Do we have instrument error?

NO! according to POH, we only have position error

where is the brake reservoir located?

engine side of firewall, pilot’s side

Calibrated airspeed corrects for

ports being under the wing, not always getting the best airflow

true airspeed corrects for

non-standard temperature

3 types of icing our aircraft can experience

induction (air inlets, AFM)

structural (on wings)

instrument (pitot mast)

standard pressure in milibars

1013.25

standard pressure in PSI

14.7

why do we have a difference between true and magnetic north?

the iron in the molten lava dynamo moves and creates its own magnetic field

what does the POH tell us to rotate at?

57 (but we do 60)

do you use Vx or Vy for a short field take off?

Vx (clear obstacles)

cruise climb speed for our aircraft?

86

what 3 factors affect density altitude?

humidity, heat, elevation

list magnetic errors

VDMONA

Variation (true vs magnetic)

Deviation (electrical field errors)

Magnetic dip (dips towards poles, fixed with counter-balance)

Oscillation (combo of all, turbulence)

Northerly turning errors (UNOS, NOSE)

Acceleration errors (ANDS)

describe ANDS

accelerate north, decelerate south

are our toe brakes used in the same master cylinder as our parking brake? and do they use the same resevoir?

no, yes

Max baggage weight in utility category?

zero

Max rear passenger weight in utility category?

zero

what acronym for northerly turning errors?

UNOS (undershoot north, overshoot south)

which 2 principles allow the aircraft to fly?

bernoulli’s principle (velocity and pressure)

newton’s 3rd law (equal opposite reaction)

which wings are stalled in a spin?

both, but one is stalled more

how do you recover from a spin?

we REAP, cessnas PARE

why does the maneuvering speed change from 98-113?

the weight of the aircraft changes the stall speed. Higher weight = higher maneuvering speed because more weight = more lift

true or magnetic north points to the north pole?

true points to north pole on a map

what does a servo regulator do?

regulates fuel air mixture

what does a transducer do?

displays fuel flow by measuring the speed that a corkscrew spins

when you plan cross countries, you always want to fly at what altitude?

as high as possible

what is the service ceiling of our aircraft

14085

true/false: at our service ceiling of 14085, we can maintain a climb of 100 fpm

true

absolute ceiling of our aircraft?

16400

opposite of aircooled?

liquid cooled

opposite of naturally aspirated?

forced induction

what kind of engine do we have?

lycoming IO360B4A

fuel injected, horizontially opposed, 360 cubic inches squared displacement, B4A accessory configuration

where in the FAR/AIM do you find our oxygen requirments?

91.211

what kind of oxygen do we use? why is it different from medical oxygen? what color is the canister?

aviator’s breathing oxygen, ours has no moisture, in a green container

how do PAX get their emergency oxygen?

sodium chloride reaction

do we always have 180 horsepower in our plane?

no, only in standard conditions at 2700rpm/max rpm

wind flows parallel to isobars at what altitude?

2000AGL

why do winds flow perpendicular to isobars at surface?

surface friction

if your engine gets too hot, what do you do?

mixture rich to cool it, pull power, shallow decent

what kind of oil do we use

areoshell 15W50/15W20/etc., viscosity changes depending on time of year

aft CG charateristics

better range, better fuel, better climb, better flare, better airspeed because less induced drag because stabilator isn’t working as hard,

worse stall recovery, worse stability because moment ARM is shorter

higher stall speed with forward or aft CG?

forward CG (stall easier but requires more stabilator down force, higher AoA, more wing loading, more weight, higher stall steep)

if isobars are close together, what can you expect?

turbulence and high winds

what kind of precip with warm vs cold front?

warm—steady (NOT SHOWERY)

cold—convective, shower

unstable air is anything EXCEEDING the ______

standard lapse rate

whats the standard lapse rate

-2 celcius per 1000ft. of climb

if you have a lapse rate of 1.5, is it stable or unstable?

stable

if you have a lapse rate of -3, is it stable or unstable?

unstable

VFR vs IFR conditions for visibility and ceilings

IFR is anything below 3sm and 1000ft ceilings

3 stages of a thunderstorm

cumulus, dissipating, mature

what is the mature stage of the thunderstorm?

when rain hits the ground

the mature stage involves up or downdrafts?

both!

dissipating stage is up or down drafts? and what else?

downdrafts, low level windshear

microbursts can be as extreme as ____fpm

6000

define microburst

a large downdraft, up to 6000fpm, works via evaporative cooling and friction

define evaporative cooling

rain evaporates as it falls into warm air, cooling the air, changing the pressure, and potentially CAUSING MICROBURSTS

define useful load

amount of weight you can carry on an aircraft, on top of empty weight

if your temp and dewpoint are within 2 degrees, you’ll see

fog

if your temp and dewpoint spread are greater than 10 degrees you’ll experience

low level windshear

explain P factor

descending blade has a greater angle of attack

spiraling slipstream is also known as _____, and wind hits the _______

corkscrew effect, verticals stabilator

density altitude is

pressure alt corrected for nonstandard temp

is engine more or less efficient at a high density altitude?

less—warm air, less pressurized, powerplant suffers and there is less lift

Angle of attack is defined as the

angle between chord line and relative wind

what are our normal positive and negative G limits?

+3.8

-1.52

what FAR/AIM goes covers endorsements you can get?

61.31

name at least 3 endorsements you can get

initial solo, tailwheel, high performance, complex, high altitude