ap comp gov unit 1 vocab

state

a political entity with defined borders, a government, and the power to enforce laws and decisions. Think of it as the "ruling body" over a specific territory.

Nation

a large group of people with a common identity, culture, language, or history. It's the "shared spirit" or bond that unites a group, even if they don't have formal political power.

Nation-State

a state that’s primarily made up of one nation. It’s a country where the political boundaries align with cultural or ethnic boundaries. (Example: Japan)

Globalization

The increasing interconnectedness of the world through trade, communication, and culture. It’s like the world becoming one big neighborhood.

Civil Society

The space between the government and the private sector where individuals come together in groups to address societal issues. It’s like the “community action” part of a society.

Democratic Regime

A political system where leaders are chosen through fair elections, and citizens have basic freedoms. Imagine a government by the people, for the people.

Authoritarian Regime

A government where one person or a small group holds all the power, often without the consent of the people. Think "strict ruler" who doesn’t tolerate opposition.

Failed State

A country that cannot maintain control, provide basic services, or protect citizens. It’s like a state that’s lost its grip on power.

Dominant Party System

A political system where one party controls most of the government, even if other parties exist. It’s like a "one-party show," but there’s a little competition.

Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)

A ranking that measures how corrupt a country’s public sector is, based on perceptions from businesspeople and experts. It’s like a "corruption thermometer" for governments.

Liberal/Representative Democracy

A democracy where elected officials represent the people, and there are guaranteed rights and freedoms. Think of it as a system where votes matter, and freedoms are protected.

Sovereignty

The supreme authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions without external interference. It’s like a country being its own boss.

Rule of Law

The principle that laws apply equally to everyone, including leaders. It’s the idea that nobody is above the law, no matter their status.

Legitimacy

The belief that a government has the right to rule, typically because it was freely elected or established by law. It’s what gives rulers authority to govern.

Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)

A non-profit group that works independently from the government to tackle issues like human rights, health, or the environment. Think of them as “activist groups” making a difference.

Transparency

The openness and clarity with which a government or organization operates. When a government is transparent, it’s easier for citizens to see how decisions are made.

Power

The ability to influence or control the behavior of others, whether through force, persuasion, or authority. It’s what gives people or governments the ability to make things happen.

Social Cleavage

Divisions in society based on factors like race, religion, or class that can affect politics. Imagine these are like "fault lines" that can shape elections and policies.