HW - Chapter 24: Bailey

Thomas Edison

The deaf inventor of the lightbulb, phonograph, and moving picture

Andrew Carnegie

The industrial age Pittsburgh steel tycoon w/ miners, ships and railroads

- Used vertical integration

Vertical Integration

The process of combining all facets of manufacturing into 1

- Under 1 owner

Horizontal Integration

The process of allying w/ competitors to monopolize a market

Rockefeller

The man who owned 95% of US oil subsidiaries and used the "trust" w/ horizontal integration to consolidate market competitors

J.P Morgan

The inv. and financial tycoon that consolidated rival financial groups through interlocking dictorates

- Took Carnegie's steel holdings

Interlocking Directorates

The process of putting one company's officers on the board of directors of other companies to consolidate power

The Beesmer Process

The process that mass-produced steel by blowing cold air on hot iron

Gospel of Wealth

The idea that tycoons were God-given $ so had duty to do philanthropy and X heirs

- Book by Carnegie

Social Darwinism

The idea that wealth/power = superiority

- "Survival of the Fittest"

Gibson Girl

The influential magazine image by Charles Gibson showing a desirable independent and athletic "new woman"

- Rise in women's want for independence and glamour

Scabs

These people were strikebreakers hired as replacement workers to X unions

Lockout

The process of employers locking work doors B/C of "rebellious" workers to force unions into submission

Yellow-Dog Contracts

The agreements used by employers to X join labor unions

Blacklist

The list of "rebellious" workers made by employers to warn other employers of possible threats

- X jobs

Terrence Powderly

This man was the leader of the Knights of Labor

Knights of Labor

The secret society that promoted economic/soc working class reform

- Successful Wabash Railroad Strike (1885)

- ~750,000 members

- "Inclusive" but X Chinese

Samuel Gompers

This man was the founder of the elitest American Federation of Labor

American Federation of Labor

The labor federation of multiple self-governing national unions

- X politics B/C wanted econ/soc reform

- X oppose capitalism B/C wanted fair labor work share

"Mother" Jones

This woman was the leader of the 1st Women's Knights of Labor group in the Illinois coal fields

Federal Land Grants

The first incentive that the Fed. Gov gave railroads to complete transcontinental railroad

- 1 sq mi for gov to keep or sell and 1 sq mi for railroad

Postal Service Rates

The second incentive that the Fed. Gov gave railroads to complete transcontinental railroad that promised long-term good of these

Military Traffic

The third incentive that the Fed. Gov gave railroads to complete transcontinental railroad that encouraged this traffic to happen

X Direct Cash Grants

The fourth incentive that the Fed. Gov gave railroads to complete transcontinental railroad that X this so railroads could turn land into gold and avoid new taxes

Federal Loans

The fifth incentive that the Fed. Gov gave railroads to complete transcontinental railroad that handed out these loans to complete each project per area

- $16,000 praries

- $48,000 mountains

The Big 4

This powerful group dominated the Central Pacific Railroad in California

Golden Spike

The unique aspect of railroad construction that resulted from The Big 4, put in as the last spike in a railroad

Steel Rail

The first primary contribution of Vanderbilt to the railroad, creating this rail

Westinghouse Air Break

The second primary contribution of Vanderbilt to the railroad, creating this break

Pullman Palace Cars

The railroad cars that created a "palace" with comfortable seats

Telegraph

The invention used for long-term message transmission in railways and underground

Double Tracking

The invention used in the railways for putting a double track on the rail for safety

Block Signal

The invention used in the railways to ensure X collisions

Corruption

The first issue of railroad consolidation, such as events like Credit Mobilier

Stockwatering

The second issue of railroad consolidation, inflating asset claims and selling inflated bonds/stocks

Promoters Profits

The third issue of railroad consolidation, railroads charging exorbiant rates

Wabash Railroad v. US (1886)

The name and year of this SC case that ruled ind. states X right to regulate interstate commerce

- Cleveland X ruling but Congress passed Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

Interstate Commerce Act (1887)

The act that was designed to regulate the railroad industry by creating the Interstate Commerce Commission to ensure railroads complied with the new regulations of the Interstate Commerce Act

X Rebates/Pools

The first provision of the Interstate Commerce Act, X these R/P

Railroad Rates

The second provision of the Interstate Commerce Act making these rates public

X Shipper Discrimination

The third provision of the Interstate Commerce Act X this against shippers

Short-Haul

The fourth provision of the Interstate Commerce Act prohibiting these hauls to be charged more than long hauls on same rail

Interstate Commerce Commission

The fifth provision of the Interstate Commerce Act creating this commission to enforce and regulate railroads and to ensure compliance w/ Interstate Commerce Act

Red-Letter Law

The name for the Interstate Commerce Act B/C 1st large-scale attempt for Fed. Gov to regulate business for societal interest and led way for future independent regulatory commissions to be created

Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890

The act that was weak B/C X disctinction B/T "good" trusts and "bad" trusts and big doesn't always equal bad

8-Hour

The first concession of the Knights of Labor, forcing the workday to be cut down to this time

Health Codes

The second concession of the Knights of Labor, pushing these codes to be made for workers

Haymarket Square Bomb

This single event tore down the reputation and led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor B/C associated by public w/ Anarchists

Women and X Politics

These two reasons are why the american Fedeation of Labor represented an improvement in union organization, including this and not getting involved in this.

Walkout

The first form of labor dispute action by leaving the workplace

Boycott

The second form of labor dispute action by the AFoL, going against something through this

Craft Unions

These unions were the strong chief strength of the AFoL B/C provided $ for treasury