Preclinical Techniques - Instrument Design

What are the detection instruments

mouth mirror, probe, explorer

What is the use of a mouth mirror?

-retraction of lips, cheek, tongue

-illumination

-transillumination (anterior teeth)

-indirect vision

What is the use of a probe

detection instrument used to assess the health of the periodontium

what are the the types of probes

nabers, novatech

what is the design of the probe

- round in cross-section

- blunt tip

- mm markings (calibrations) = 3,6,9,12

What are examples of probes

-NCTI 12 probe (what we have)

- Nabers probe (for furcation detection)

- UNC 12 (1 mm markings)

What is the use of the explorer

detection instrument used to detect decay/ caries and deposits

What is the design of explorers

-wirelike working end

- terminates in sharp point

- round in cross-section

What are examples of explorers

- 3 ES (caries detection)

- ODU 11/12 (calculus)

What are the scaling/ root planing instruments

curette, scaler, hoe, file, chisel

What is the use of curettes

- can be used supra and subgingivally on tooth and root surface

- Removes deposits

What are the types of curettes

universal and area specific (gracey)

universal curettes can be used

anywhere in mouth

area specific (gracey) curettes can be only used in

specific areas of mouth

what's the design of curettes

- rounded back

- rounded toe

- half-circular cross section

what are examples of curettes

-barnhardt 1/2 (universal)

-Gracey 5/6, 11/14, 12/13 (area specific)

What is the use of scalers

remove heavy calculus primarily supragingivally (slightly sub if tissues allow)

What are the types of scalers

-sickle (sickle blade)

-Jacquette (straight blade)

What is the design of scalers

- pointed tip

- triangular in cross section

Examples of scalers

- anterior: NE 128; H6/H7

-Posterior: S 204 SD, IUFW 204, Nevy SCNEV13XE2

What is the use of a hoe

remove large, heavy supragingival calculus

What is the design of a hoe

-single straight cutting edge

-rectangular in cross section

What is an example of a hoe

7K

What is the use of a file

-crush calculus

-Smooth margins of amalgam restorations

What is the design of a file

-multiple, straight cutting edges

-rectangular in cross section

What are examples of a file

- Hirschfeld 3/7 (facial, lingual), 5/11 (mesial, distal)

- Orban 10/12 (facial, lingual), 12/13 (mesial, distal)

What is the use of a chisel

-remove heavy supra gingival calculus

- break anterior bridges of calculus

What is the design of a chisel

-single, straight cutting edge

-rectangular in cross section

What is an example of a chisel

american 22/23, 24/25

What is the working end of an instrument used for

detect, measure, remove

What are possible shapes of instrument handles

round, octagonal

What are the types of handles

long (permanently fixed), cone socket (screw in)

What are the disadvantages of a thin handle

difficult to grasp, greater fatigue

What are the advantages of a thick handle

easier to grasp, reduces fatigue and pinch force

What are the advantages of hollow handles

greater tactile sense, light, less fatigue

What are the disadvantages of solid handles

reduces tactile sense, heavy, greater fatigue

What is an after five shank is 3 mm longer and used for

deeper pockets

the straight/simple angulation of a shank is for

anterior use

the angled/ complex angulation of a shank is for

posterior use

What is a flexible shank used for

more tactile sense, remove small surface irregularities and calculus deposits

What is a rigid shank used for

less tactile sense, utilized for strength for removal of large calculus deposits

What are the different cross-sectional shapes of working ends

triangular, rectangular, half circle, cylindrical

What instrument is triangular in cross-sectional design

scalers

What instrument is rectangular in cross-sectional design

hoe, file, chisel

What instrument is half circle in cross-sectional design

curettes

What instrument is Cylindrical in cross-sectional design

explorer, probe

What instrument is pointed in tip design

explorer/scalers

What instrument is blade in tip design

hoe, file, chisel

What instrument is rounded in tip design

curette

What instrument is blunt in tip design

probe

What are the working end parts of instruments

face, lateral sides, back, cutting edges

the cutting edge is formed from

junction of face with sides of working end

How many cutting edges does a curette have

universal-2

Area specific- 1 per end

How many cutting edges does a scaler have

2 per end

How many cutting edges does a hoe have

1 per end

How many cutting edges does a file have

many per end

How many cutting edges does a chisel have

1 per end

How many cutting edges does a explorer have

none

How many cutting edges does a probe have

none