AREA 1 - PAES

TERMINOLOGIES

rotary tilling type

a type of walking-type agricultural tractor equipped with rotary tiller which cuts, breaks up, and mixes the soil and/or plant residues

walking-type agricultural tractor

self-propelled machine having a single axle designed primarily to pull and propel trailed or mounted agricultural implements and machinery

Vertical type

For this type, the throttle lever is pushed forward to increase engine speed and pulled rearward to decrease engine speed.

Horizontal Type

For this type, the throttle lever is pulled to the left to increase engine speed and to the right to decrease engine speed.

air-cooled

system wherein air is used to remove excess heat from the engine through metal fins or shrouds which are located around the cylinder thus creating the flow of air to the engine body in order to maintain its operating temperature

cycle

series of events occurring one after the other in a definite order and repeats the events after the last one has occurred

four-stroke

piston requires four movements to complete one cycle

two-stroke cycle

piston requires two movements to complete one cycle

engine

mechanical device that converts heat energy produced by combustion of fuel into mechanical energy

internal combustion engine

type of engine where the combustion of fuel takes place inside the cylinder

compression ignition engine

engine in which combustion is achieved by compressing the air until a high temperature is achieved to initiate combustion of fuel

spark ignition engine

engine in which combustion occurs through the initiation of a spark on the compressed fuel and air mixture

overhead valve (OHV)

arrangement of valves wherein the intake and exhaust valves are located in the cylinder head

side valves (SV)

arrangement of valves wherein the intake and exhaust valves are located on one side of the cylinder block

water-cooled

system in which water/liquid-coolant serves as the cooling medium which circulates in the water jackets to absorb the heat of the engine

concave disc

circular concave steel plate used for cutting and inverting the soil

disc spacing

transverse distance between two adjacent disc edges

disc harrow

implement used to pulverize the soil to attain a better soil tilth for the seed germination and growth

single-action disc harrow

consists of two gangs of discs, placed end-to-end at an angle, which throw the soil in opposite directions

tandem disc harrow

consists of two or more gangs, in which a set of two gangs follows behind the front gangs and is arranged in such a way that the discs on the front gangs throw the soil in one direction (usually outward) and the discs on the rear gangs throw the soil in the opposite direction

offset disc harrow

consists of two gangs wherein one gang is located behind the other at an angle and the harrow is operated in an offset position in relation to the tractor centerline

frame

structure on which the gangs are fitted

gang

set of concave discs, which is mounted on a common shaft and separated by a spool

gang angle

angle between the axis of gang and the line perpendicular to the direction of motion

gang angling mechanism

mechanism by which the gang angles are adjusted

gang axle

shaft on which a set of concave discs are fitted

ground clearance

vertical distance between the ground and the lowest edge of the disc when the trailed harrow is supported on transport wheels

hitch

portion of an implement designed to connect the implement to the power source

included angle

angle between the axes of two adjacent gangs

scraper

component which scrapes the soil adhering to the concave side of the disc

side angle

angle, in the soil surface plane, between a tool axis and a line, which is perpendicular to the direction of travel

spool

flanged tube mounted on gang axle and placed between two discs to prevent the lateral movement of the discs on the shaft

width of cut

transverse distance between the top or bottom cutting edges of the end discs

fuel consumption

volume of fuel consumed by the engine on per hour basis

float-assist tiller

a special type of walking-type agricultural tractor with a front-mounted tilling wheel and equipped with a flotation structure commonly used in waterlogged fields

flotation structure

component of float-assist tiller which provides buoyancy for the tiller

tilling wheel

consists of a single or pair of wheels with radially mounted tilling blades attached to a common shaft or axle, supported and powered by the transmission

walking-type agricultural tractor

self-propelled machine having a single axle designed primarily to pull and propel trailed or mounted agricultural implements and machinery

nozzle

aperture of the sprinkler head through which the liquid is discharged

radius of throw

farthest distance measured from the sprinkler head centerline to a point at which liquid is

rotating sprinkler head

device which by its rotating motion around its vertical axis distributes liquid over an area

impact-driven sprinkler head

type of rotating sprinkler head which rotates using weighted or spring-loaded arm which is propelled by the liquid stream and hits the sprinkler body

sprinkler head

hydraulically operated mechanical device which discharges liquid through a nozzle

trajectory angle

angle of the liquid stream above a horizontal plane, as discharged from the sprinkler nozzle operating at the test pressure

part-circle sprinkler

rotating sprinkler designed to irrigate a sector of a circular area, either with or without the possibility of adjusting it to irrigate the entire circular area

range of effective pressure

pressure range between the minimum effective pressure, pmin, and the maximum effective pressure, pmax, declared by the manufacturer as the pressure range in which the sprinklers operate effectively

drilling rig

structural assembly which is used to drill holes for the purpose of water-well construction

drilling pipe

serves as an adaptor of the drill bit and conduit of water jet channel (see Figure 1)

drill bit

bit attached to the end of the drilling pipe which is directly in contact with the soil formation and serves as cutting device during drilling operation

main rig assembly

structure which supports the entire drilling system

surging stem

light weight pipes used during high velocity flow (jetting) operation

Rotary

A type of drilling rig in which the mode of drilling is done by using a rotating drill bit that cut and loosen the soil thus producing a hole of required diameter

Percussion

A type of drilling rig in which the mode of drilling is done by alternately raising and dropping either an external weight (solid steel or wood) or the drilling stem itself, causing the impact of the drill bit to the soil, thus producing a hole of required diameter

Combination

A type of drilling rig in which the mode of drilling is done by rotary action and percussion.

ampacity

current, in amperes, that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating

disconnecting means

device, or group of devices, or other means by which the electric motor can be disconnected from the power supply

duty rating

refers to how frequently the motor is started and how long it will run each time it is started

electric motor

machine which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy

enclosure

case or housing which prevents the operator from accidental contact with energized parts and protect the motor from physical damage

frame designation

standardized motor mounting and shaft dimensions as established by National Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) or International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

locked-rotor current

maximum current required to start the motor

phase

number of individual voltages applied to the motor

three-phase

has three individual voltages applied to the motor

single-phase

has one voltage applied to the motor in the shape of a sine wave

rotor

rotating part of electric motor which is typically constructed of a laminated steel core containing current-carrying copper wires

service factor

indicates the maximum load that can be successfully carried by the motor if it is to operate continuously and remain within a safe temperature range

stator

stationary part of electric motor consisting of copper windings which is placed in a laminated iron core

temperature rise

temperature of a motor operating under rated conditions, which is above ambient temperature

thermal protector

device which protects the motor against overheating due to overload or failure to start

torque

twisting or turning force produced by the motor

breakdown torque

maximum torque a motor can develop during overload without stalling

starting torque

motor torque at zero speed or the maximum torque required to start the load

acceptance test

test carried out on samples selected from a lot for the purpose of acceptance of the lot

lot

in any consignment, all components or equipment under study

routine test

test carried out on each and every component or equipment to check the specifications which are likely to vary during production

type test

test carried out to prove conformity to the requirements of the relevant specification

agricultural tractor

self-propelled, wheeled, track-laying or semi track-laying machine primarily designed to pull, push, carry and/or operate trailers or provide power to implements and machines used for agricultural, forestry and other related works

pedestrian-operated machine

machine, having an integral power unit but normally operated by a pedestrian, designed to carry out agricultural operation, and which may also be operated from a seat on an attachment or trailer

right-hand and left-hand

designations related to the operator when sitting on the operator’s station

self-propelled machine

having one or more integral power units which propel and operate the machine, designed to carry out agricultural operations while on the move

tillage action

action of a tillage tool in executing a specific form of soil manipulation

tillage objective

desired soil condition produced by one or more tillage operations

tillage requirement

soil physical conditions which can be produced by tillage and is necessary based on utilitarian and/or economic considerations

broadcast tillage

tillage of an entire area as contrasted to a partial tillage as in bands or strips

deep tillage

primary tillage operation which manipulates soil to a greater depth than 300 mm

earthmoving

tillage action and transport operations utilized to loosen, load, carry, and unload soil

land forming

tillage operation which move soil to create desired soil configurations

land grading

tillage operation which move soil to establish a desired soil elevation and slope

land planing

tillage operation that cuts and moves small layers of soil to provide smooth, refined surface condition

oriented tillage

tillage operation which are oriented in specific paths or directions with respect to the sun, prevailing winds, previous tillage actions, or field base lines

rotary tillage

tillage operation employing power-driven rotary action to cut, break up, and mix soil

soil cultivation

shallow tillage operation performed to promote growth of crop plants by creating a soil condition conducive to aeration, infiltration, and moisture conservation or to pest control

tillage

mechanical manipulation of soil for any desired purpose

primary tillage

tillage, which constitutes the initial major soil-working operation, normally designed to reduce soil strength, cover plant materials, and rearrange aggregates

secondary tillage

tillage, following primary tillage, which are designed to control weed growth and to create specific soil surface configurations before seeding

tillage depth

vertical distance from the initial soil surface to a specified point of penetration of the tool

conservation tillage

system that maintains a minimum of 30% residue cover on the soil surface after planting or maintains at least 1,100 kg/ha of flat small grain residue equivalent on the soil surface during the critical erosion period

conventional tillage

system traditionally performed in preparing a seedbed for a given crop and grown in a given geographical area

minimum tillage

system wherein least soil manipulation is performed

mulch tillage

system in which tillage of the total soil surface is performed in such a way that plant residue is specifically left on or near the soil surface