Dendrology Exam 2

The stems of the ____ family are fleshy or soft-woody, usually bearing spines, and of new world origination.

cactaceae

____ within the Cactaceae family stem segments do not disarticulate, are flattened, and circular to obviate, and glamorous or often glaucous.

Opuntia engelmannii

The latin term "echino" refers to plants resemblance to ___.

hedgehog

____ in the Yucca genus sometimes has denticulate margins, leaves widest above the middle, and is glaucous.

Yucca pallida

____ in the Yucca genus lanceolate, twisted, strongly concave leaves that are bright green and is found mainly on the Edward's Plateau.

Yucca rupicola

____ in the Yucca genus are filiferous.

Both Yucca arkansana and Yucca constricta

____ in the Asparagaceae family has unique colored flowers, rosy red or salmon colored, and is reported to be pollinated by Black Chinned Hummingbirds.

Hesperaloe parrviflora

____ prickles are mostly antrorse, and leaves are usually shiny and bright green, and are glabrous.

Dasylirion texanum

____ genus in the Asparagacea family have no visible stem with numerous leaves that are "grasslike"

Nolina

____ in the Nolina genus leaves are grasslike, triangular, glabrous, with margins being entire or remotely serrate.

Nolina texana

The ____ genus within the Cannabaceae family consists of hackberries.

Celtis

____ is an upland species that is adapted to limited water availability and high heat.

Celtis reticulata

The Celtis genus was placed under the Cannabaceae family due to ____ analysis.

Phylogenetic

____ is an introduces species to North America within the Moraceae family.

Morus alba

which Morus species has smaller serrations along the leaf margin, upper leaf surface is rough and dull, and the bottom is lightly hairy with a pale main vein.

Morus rubra

____ has a very distinctive spherical semi-flashy yellow green fruit that consists of multiple drupes.

Maclura pomifera

____ family has seeds that are hairy, and wind dispersed

Salicaceae

Salic and Populus spp. are within the same family due to ___.

both being biochemically and evolutionary similar

___ species within the Salicaceae family is an introduced species that can escape captivity into wet areas.

Salix babylonia

___ species within the Salicaceae is often used in landscaping and is marketed as "seedless" but really this is just the male plants of a dioecious species.

populus deltoides

T or F, plants native to Texas that have a white milky sap should be handled carefully because they often have toxic properties.

T

The fruit of the Cupressaceae family is a/an ___.

cone

Based on fossil records, the ___ genus of the Cupressaceae family was once the most abundant conifer in western and arctic North America.

Metasequoia

T or F, the first step of identifying a member of the Cupressaceae family in north central Texas is to identify the leaf shape and if it is evergreen or deciduous.

T

____ genus within Cupressaceae is the more xeric genus.

Juniperus

Which Juniperus sp. in north central Texas has red berries (cones) and crystalline exudate?

Juniperus pinchotti

Which Juniperus sp. usually is single trucked, reduced abaxial glands, and you would expect to find within a mixed forest areas i.e. intermixed with hardwoods.

Juniperus virginiana

Which Juniperus sp. has blue berries (cones) and prominent abaxial glands.

Juniperus ashei

____ is often found with swollen buttressed bases and woody projections from the roots referred to as "knees" due to it being found in areas that frequently flood.

Taxodium distichum

Species within the Pinaceae family native to north central Texas have ____ needles per fascicle (bundle).

2-3

The ____ species of pine was introduced to north central Texas during the 1930s for strand development and reforestation efforts.

Pinus elliottii

The ____ species of pine has 3 needles per fascicle, extremely long needles (10-17 inches long) and large cones (up to 10 inches).

Pinus palustris

____ species of pine has 2 needles per fascicle, short needles (2.5-4 inches) and very short cones (1.5-3 inches).

Pinus echinata

____ species of pine has 3 needles per fascicle, needles approximately 4.5-9 inches long, and nearly sessile seed cones 2.5-4.5 inches long.

Pinus taeda

____ would have historically occurred in pure stands and burned regularly, almost annually.

Pinus palustris

Lost Pines State Park in Bastrop, Texas is the furthest west natural occurring stand of ____.

Pinus taeda

____ is a phreatophyte, meaning it's roots will grow in deep search of water.

Neltuma glandulosa

Mesquite bisques were once found in the ____ region of Texas.

Lower Rio Grande

The characteristics of ____ subfamily of Fabaceae has leaves that are even or odd once oe twice compounded with the possibility of leaves being reduced to one leaflet as seen in Cercis spp.

Caesalpiniodeae

____ is usually found in deep, poorly drained, sandy or clay lowlands.

Acacia smallii

____ has coriaceous leaves, meaning they are thick and leather like.

Cerci's canadensis ver. texensis

____ was once widely planted for use as railroad ties due to its extremely hard wood.

Robinia psuedoacacia

The fruits of Sophora affinis are ____ meaning they resemble a string of beads.

Moniliform

____ are differences noted differences between Cercis canadensis var. texensis and Cercis canadensis.

all of the above

The defenses of Acacia greggii are ____.

Thorns

____ has toxic properties.

all of the above

Which genus within the Fagaceae family has been severely impacted by Chestnut Blight disease.

Castanea

Which genus within the Fagaceae family do Oaks within north central Texas fall into.

Quercus

Which disease has severe impacts on Quercus spp.

Oak Wilt

Quercus spp. can be identified by ____.

all of the above

The production of mast annually, usually rounded leaf tips and lobes, and the absence of bristles extending from leaf tips and lobes are identifying characteristics of ____ group.

White oak

The production of mast biannually, usually pointed leaf tips and lobes, and the presence of bristles extending from leaf tips a lobes are identifying characteristics of the _ group.

red/black oak

____ is the most common Oak species in north central Texas.

Quercus stellata

____ leaves are divided into 5 lobes, has distinct cruciform shape, and has star like hairs on the bottom side of its leaf.

Quercus stellata

Quercus stellata is known to hybridize with ____ within the Lampasas Cut Plain.

Quercus marilandica

____ species of red oak is the more upland species.

Quercus buckleyi

____ in the black/red oak group leaf is simple, thickened, with three shallow bristle tipped lobes near the end of the leaf.

Quercus marilandica

____ species of red oak, usually has 7, up to 9, lobes.

Quercus shumardii

____ species of live oak is found on limestone outcrops, well drained soils, and is usually found in more xeric habitats.

Quercus fusiformis

____ species of oak has the largest acorns of our native oaks and the leaves are large with 5-9 lobes with the terminal lobe usually being the largest.

Quercus macrocarpa

____ species of oak is usually coarsely toothed not lobed, with a dark green top and tomentose bottom, and does not have bristles at the tips of teeth.

Quercus muehlenbergii

____ genus within the Juglandaceae family husks split open to reveal the nut.

Carya

_ genus within the Juglandaceae family largest leaflets are usually the middle lateral leaflets.

Juglans

____ is the state tree of Texas

Carya illinoinensis

The bud scales on Carya illinoinensis are ___ type of scales.

Valvate

____ is the allelopathic chemical that Juglans spp. produce that inhibits the growth of plants around it.

Juglone

_ specie(s) are phreatophytes with deep root systems to seek out water.

Juglans microcarpa and Juglans major

Which Ulmus sp. is doubly serrate, has an attenuated apex, conspicuously inequalateral base, usually glabrous top to the leaf, and is found predominantly in river bottoms.

Ulmus americana

____ is our only fall blooming and seeding native Ulmus sp.

Ulmus crassifolia

Which Ulmus sp. is doubly serrate, has an attenuated apex, conspicuously inequalateral base, is scabrous on the top of the leaf, and is found predominantly in river bottoms.

Ulmus rubra

Introduced Ulmus spp. tend to have which of the following attributes.

all of the above

The bark of _ exfoliates (sloughs) off as part of its growth cycle.

Platanus occidentalis

The leaves of ____ are deeply palmately lobed with 5-7 lobes and the fruit woody globose clusters of beaked capsules.

Liquidambar styraciflua

Dense red-brown hairs that give a felted look to the bottom of the leaves is characteristic of ____.

Magnolia grandiflora

T or F Magnolia grandiflora is native to Texas

T

The ____ family has been in cultivation since at least 3700 BC.

Oleaceae

_ in the Oleaceae family if the more upland species and endemic to Texas and south Oklahoma

Fraxinus albicans

Due to its compound oddly pinnate leaf, leaflet shapes, and rachis color ____ is often confused with Poison Ivy.

Acer negundo

The leaf arrangement of Acer negundo is ____ while Toxicodendron radicals and are ___

opposite, alternate

____ family consists of shrubs or small trees with palmately compound leaves and large seeds that are encapsulated in a thick leathery husk.

Hippocastanaceae

____ in the Hippocastanaceae family is a Texas endemic species and a more upland species.

Aesculus pavia var. flavescens

T or F, The Rosaceae family has a lot of variation in leaf characteristics and fruit types

T

Flowers of the Rosaceae family have ____ symmetry.

Radial

The Prunus species has ____ defenses.

Thorns

Which species in the Prunus genus is not thicket forming.

Prunus serotina var. exima

Which variety of Prunus serotina is endemic to Texas.

Prunus serotina ver. exima

T or F, Pyrus spp. are native to North America.

F

____ give Pyrus species fruit its gritty texture.

Sclerenchyma cells

____ Usually has reduces thorns, both in size and number.

Crataegus viridis

___ is shrub with many trailing or low arching stems, recurved prickles, half evergreen leaves, and glandular hairs.

Rubus trivialis

____ stems of Rubus trivialis are usually branching and flowering producing.

Floricanes

The distribution of the introduced ___ in Texas is unknown.

Photinia serratifolia

____ choice whitetail browse plants are lightly consumed and/or when other choice plants are not available.

third

___ genus within the Anacradiaceae family turns brightly red in early fall as a foliar flag to attract birds to fruit.

Rhus

Virburnum rufidulum gets its common name from ___ along the petioles and midrib.

reddish hairs

T or F, Ilex spp. fruit are not toxic if eaten in quantity.

T

The widest used plant in north central Texas in the Aquifoliaceae family is ____

Ilex vomitoria

Margins of native Ilex species in north central Texas tend to have ____ margins.

entire

____ within the Aquifoliaceae family berries persist through winter making it a good resource for birds during the winter months.

Ilex decidua

____ in the Rutaceae family has defenses of recurved spines arising from pads.

Zanthozylum hirsutum