Fossil Fuels

FUEL

a substance that PROVIDES ENERGY, such as LIGHT, HEAT, MOTION, and ELECTRICITY that is a result of chemical change.

FOSSIL FUEL

energy-rich substances formed from the REMAINS OF LIVING ORGANISMS.

3 TYPES OF FOSSIL FUEL

1. COAL (solid)
2. OIL/PETROLEUM (liquid)
3. NATURAL GAS (gas)

HYDROCARBONS

▪CARBON and HYDROGEN atoms
▪MAKE UP FOSSIL FUELS
▪When burned, atoms react
and combine with oxygen =
release heat and light

2 TYPES OF FOSSIL FUEL BASED ON ORIGIN

NATURAL OR PRIMARY FUELS
ARTIFICIAL OR SECONDARY FUELS

NARUTAL OR PRIMARY FUELS

Natural of Primary fuels are processed to
make something chemically distinct from
how they were harvested from a NATURAL RESOURCES.

ARTIFICIAL OR SECONDARY FUELS

Artificial or Secondary fuels are DERIVED
FROM PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCES. These fuels are easier for engines to burn, so are often made from crude oil as a way of getting the most energy out as possible.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

● BROKEN BITS OF ROCK end
up in rivers, streams and
lakes.
● Over time, sand and mud
cover the rocks at the
bottom of the water
● Layers of sediment turn
into sedimentary rock
○ Examples: Sandstone,
shale and limestone

COAL

●PLANTS DIE and DECAY into a
spongy substance called PEAT
●The peat is covered with sand
and mud
●Water squeezes out and the
carbon increases and coal is
formed
●Coal has to be mined out of the
earth

4 TYPES OF COAL

LIGNITE (youngest and uncommon), SUBBITUMINOUS (most common), BITUMINOUS (most common), and ANTRHACITE (oldest and rarest)

COKE (FUEL)

It is a fuel with a HIGH CARBON CONTENT and few impurities, made by HEATING COAL in the absence of air. It is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulphur bituminous coal.

OIL

COMES FROM PLANKTON which
died and sank to the bottom
of the sea.
● Gets covered with sand and
mud and is pressed
together, turning into rock.
● Bacteria munches on the
plankton and leaves oil
behind.

CRUDE OIL

oil first pumped out of ground

REFINERY

factory that heats crude oil
and separates it into fuels

PETROCHEMICALS

▪Compounds MADE FROM OIL
▪Used to make plastics, paints, medicines, and cosmetics

NATURAL GAS

COMES FROM PLANKTON
which is covered with
sand and mud
● It is pressed together and
turns to rock
● Bacteria eats the plankton
and leaves a gas behind
● USUALLY FOUND NEAR OIL

STERPS IN HOW ELECRITITY IS PRODUCED FROM FOSSIL FUELS

1. Combustion
2. Water Vaporizes
3. Turbine Rotates
4. Motion of Turbines Induce a Current
5. Electricity is transferred out

ADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS

Cheap Source of Energy
Easy to Transport
Easy Usage
Massive Economic Benefits
Stable Storage
High Calorific Value

DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS

Non-renewable energy source
Poses several environmental concerns
Economic concern
Safety Concern

Characteristics of Energy

Energy can be stored
Energy can be transformed
Energy can be transported
Energy can be transferred
Energy can be degraded

1 calorie to joules

4.184 j

1 Calorie to calories

1000 calorie or 1 kcal

Another Characteristics of Energy

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed Energy can be converted from one form to another Energy conversion always occur with less than 10% efficiency All chemical reactions involve either gain and loss of energy

Characteristics of A Good Fuel

High Calorific Values
Moderate Ignition Temperature
Low Moisture Content
Low Ash Content
Moderate Velocity of Combustion
Should not produce harmful products
Low Cost
Easy Storage & Transportation
Easily Controllable

Good Fuel

Should have a high energy content, meaning it releases a significant amount of energy per unit mass when burned.

Peat (not coal)

partially decayed plant matter in swamps and bogs; low heat content

Lignite (brown coal)

low heat content; low sulfur content; limited supplies in most areas

Bituminous (soft coal)

extensively used as a fuel because of its high heat content and large supplies; normally has high sulfur content

Anthracite (hard coal)

highly desirable fuel because of its high heat and low sulfur content; supplies are limited in most areas is the purest form of coal containing as much as 97% of carbon

Coal Quality

Those chemical and physical properties of a coal that influence its potential use

Grade

(ash yield and/or mineral matter content and composition)

Rank

(degree of coalification or thermal maturity)

Type

(composition described either by lithotype or maceral content)

Petroleum Coke or Pet Coke

Derived from oil refinery coker units or other cracking processes

Producer gas

Produced by passing air over red-hot coke.

Mercaptan

An odorant to aid in leak detection.

Paraffinic oil

Rich in paraffins.

Paraffinic-Naphthenic Oil

They can have nearly equal amounts of Paraffins and naphthenes which together make up more than 50% of the crude.

Aromatic intermediate Oil

They can have subsequent amounts of Paraffins and naphthenes, which total less than 50% and the composition is dominated by the aromatics and asphaltenes.

BENHAM RISE

An undersea plateau has huge deposits of solid nodules of methane that could turn the country into a natural gas exporter.

Malampaya

Owned by independent power producer KEILCO, the 1,200 megawatt Ilijan combined -cycle power plant in Batangas City,

Reed Bank or Recto Bank

Is an undersea territory of the Philippines located 50 miles or 80 Kilometers from the province of Palawan believed to rich in oil and natural gas deposits.

Bagumbong

Located in the region of Western Visayas. Western Visayas's capital Iloilo is approximately 27 km / 17 miles away from it.